fa اثر تمرینات هوازی بر شاخص‌های گلیسمیک در کودکان و نوجوانان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق: یک مطالعه فراتحلیلی فيزيولوژی پزشکی Physiology مروری Review <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">مقدمه:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"> چاقی در کودکان و نوجوانان یک مشکل جدی و رو به افزایش است و از مهم‌ترین عوامل خطرزا برای بروز بیماری‌های مزمن متابولیک و قلبی- عروقی بشمار می رود؛ این در حالی است که اثربخشی ورزش در کنتل و بهبود این وضعیت، هنوز مورد بحث و اختلاف نظر است. بنابراین، هدف فراتحلیل حاضر، بررسی اثر تمرینات هوازی بر شاخص‌های گلیسمیک در کودکان و نوجوانان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق می‌باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">روش &shy;ها: </span></span></span></b><a name="_Hlk149244532"><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">جست‌وجوی جامع در پایگاه‌های ‌</span></span></span></strong></a><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%">PubMed</span></span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%">Web of Science</span></span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%">Scopus</span></span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%">Google Scholar</span></span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%">Magiran</span></span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">،</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%">NoorMags </span></span></strong><strong><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">&nbsp;و</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"> Sid </span></span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">از زمان شروع تا تاریخ 6</span></span></span></strong><strong> </strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">تیرماه 1404(</span></span></span></strong><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">27 ژوئن 2025</span></span></span><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">) انجام شد. </span></span></span></strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">برای تعیین اندازه اثر، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%">SMD</span></span><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""> و فاصله اطمینان </span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">۹۵</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""> درصد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"> (CI) </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="">با استفاده از <span style="color:black">مدل تصادفی و <strong><span b="" nazanin="">نرم‌افزار</span></strong></span></span></span></span><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> CMA2 </span></span></span></strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">محاسبه شد</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span><strong><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">یافته&shy; ها:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"> در مجموع 23 مطالعه (با 32 مداخله تمرین هوازی) و تعداد 984 آزمودنی کودک و نوجوانان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق (نسبت </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">به گروه شاهد)</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">، وارد </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">فراتحلیل حاضر شدند</span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">و نتایج نشان داد که مداخله تمرینات هوازی </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">در کودکان و نوجوانان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق، با کاهش معنادار گلوکز</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">]</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">001/0 </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">P=</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"> ،(</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">598</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">/0- الی 161/0-) 380/0- </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">=</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">[SMD</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">، انسولین </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">]</span></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">001</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">/0 </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">P=</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"> ،(</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">240</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">/1- الی 442/0-) 841/0- </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">=</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> [SMD</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">و مقاومت به انسولین </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">]</span></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">001</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">/0 </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">P=</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"> ،(</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">045</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">/1- الی 356/0-)700/0-</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">= </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> [SMD</span></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">همراه است.</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">نتیجه گیری:</span></span></span></b> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">تمرینات هوازی موجب بهبود </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">شاحص های گلایسمیک در کود</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="color:black">کان و نوجوانان دارای و اضافه‌وزن و چاق می‌شود و نشان از اهمیت تمرینات هوازی به‌عنوان مداخله‌ای موثر در بهبود سلامت متابولیک این گروه سنی دارد</span></span></span><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:115%"><b><span style="line-height:115%">Background and Objective:</span></b> <span style="line-height:115%">Obesity in children and adolescents is a serious and increasing public health issue and represents a major risk factor for the development of chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the effectiveness of exercise interventions in managing and improving this condition remains a subject of debate. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on glycemic indices in overweight and obese children and adolescents.</span></span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><b><span style="line-height:115%">Methods</span></b><span class="FootnoteTextChar"><span lang="EN"><span style="line-height:115%">: </span></span></span><span style="line-height:115%">A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, NoorMags, and Sid databases from their inception up to June 27, 2025. Effect sizes were determined using the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), calculated with a random-effects model using the CMA2 software.</span></span><br> <b>Results:</b> A total of 23 studies (comprising 32 aerobic exercise interventions) with 984 overweight and obese children and adolescents were included in the present meta-analysis. The results showed that aerobic exercise interventions in overweight and obese children and adolescents, compared to the control group, led to a significant reduction in glucose levels (SMD = -0.380, 95% CI: -0.598 to -0.161, <i>P</i> = 0.001), insulin (SMD = -0.841, 95% CI: -1.442 to -0.240, <i>P</i> = 0.001), and insulin resistance (SMD = -0.700, 95% CI: -1.045 to -0.356, <i>P</i> = 0.001).<br> <span style="line-height:115%"><b><span style="line-height:115%">Conclusion:</span></b> <span style="line-height:115%">Aerobic exercise improves glycemic indices in overweight and obese children and adolescents, highlighting its effectiveness as an intervention for enhancing metabolic health in this age group.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; تمرین هوازی, مقاومت به انسولین, کودکان و نوجوانان, چاقی و اضافه وزن. Aerobic exercise, Insulin resistance, Children and adolescents, Obesity, Overweight 0 0 http://imtj.gmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3936-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Omid Zafarmand امید ظفرمند OMIDZAFARMAND2202@GMAIL.COM 8000319475328460038957 8000319475328460038957 No University of Yasouj دانشگاه یاسوج Mohammad Esmaeil Afzalpour محمد اسماعیل افضل پور mafzalpour@birjand.ac.ir 8000319475328460038958 8000319475328460038958 Yes University of Birjand دانشگاه بیرجند