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Abstract Background and Aim: Today’s, in order to increased an angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery (CABG ) is considered safe and effective treatment for relieving the symptoms of coronary artery disease. Because of more than 500.000 patients undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) each year in the United States. Supraventricular arrhythmia is the most common complicate of the postoperative course of patients following coronary artery bypass grafting, which of SVT occurs in 40% of elderly patients, and risk of SVT was increased in (45%) patients with a history of atrial arrhythmias. Although it is offer benign and self limited, it can lead to complicated such as stroke. Various etiologies caused to SVT arrhythmia that including: Homodynamic instability and electrolytes imbalance. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between fluid and electrolyte variables and the development of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) after CABG in patients at unit ICU heart surgery of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad city in 2005. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out in 80 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Data collection with demographic variables example: Age, gender, weight, and also previous history of SVT, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest, previous surgery, diabetic, hypertension, tobacco use, pre and postoperative laboratory values of potassium calcium and magnesium, intravenous intake, hourly urine out put and chest tube drainage. Data analyzed with SPSS soft ware and chi-square test. Results: Results of the presents research showed that, amount of blood drainage in the chest tube and intake and out put of fluids may provide evidence of SVT after CABG in patients. which could lead to better identification and nursing management in ICU (Open heart surgery)for improve homodynamic status , patient recovery and prevention of post operative Supraventricular arrhythmia. Conclusion: According to the results incidence of SVT was 37.5% and ventricular tachycardia was 2.5%.they indicate that there is a significant relationship between the amount of chest tube drainage and urinary out put with SVT after surgery(P<0.05).

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Abstract: Background and Aim:Many researches have been done on incidence rate, characteristics and PTSD duration on war handicapped ,but less researches have been done on their family for survey of their students educational condition. This article is to compare the educational condition of PTSD war handicapped children with the other normal students. Materials and Methods: In this perspective study 65 samples were selected randomly from Over %25 war handicapped infected with PTSD from guidance school girls and boys. The control group was selected also from their classmates randomly. 2 students were selected as control group for both cases. The average marks of the students in each lesson (subject) and totally were compared. The student’s marks were described by determining the average, standard deviation, the least and the most marks. The data were analyzed by Pearson, t-student and chi-square with P0.05. Results: The results showed that there was no meaningful difference between each lesson average and total marks of the students in both groups due to some factors such as: the important role of the PTSD handicapped wives in their children education development, war handicapped organization supports from PTSD war handicapped and their family were effective in the run. Conclusion: It is suggested that, war handicapped organization pay more attention and support their family for improving their children better educational condition .It is also necessary to pay more attention to the handicapped wives as a good and strong support for their children.

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Abstract Background and Aim: The purpose of the present study was to obtain validity and reliability of the form B of Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scales in Iran. Health locus of control is one of the most widely measured parameters of health belief for the planning of health education programs. Materials and Methods: 496 university students participate in this study. The reliability coefficients were calculated in two different methods: test- retest, parallel tests and Cronbach alpha. In order to survey validity of the scale we used three methods including content validity, concurrent validity and construct validity. Results: The concurrent validity of the questionnaire, as measured by Levenson’s IPC scale was.57 (P<.001), 0.51 (P<0.01) and 0.53 (P<0.01) for IPC, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a three-factor structure (internal, chance and powerful others). Subsequent exploratory principal components analysis supported a three-factor structure that items loading adequately on each factor. Also, supporting the construct validity claim that these dimensions were more-or-less orthogonal to one another. In addition, the reliability of this scale was estimated through test-retest, parallel forms, and Cronbach's coefficient methods. Conclusion: The results showed that reliability and validity of Persian Form B of MHLC was acceptable and respectable.

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Background and Aim: The optimal maternal position for the most comfortable, efficient delivery has long been a source of contention. The purpose of this study was comparison labor pain in first stage of labor. Materials and Methods: In this study 56 primigravida women that had 2-5 cm cervical dilation and 5-10 minute frequency of contraction randomly assigned in two groups. Group A began with 30 min in the sitting position and group B began with 30 min supine position, followed by 30 min supine sitting position. Therefore maternal position in group A was sitting- supine- sitting- supine, and in group B was supine- sitting-supine sitting. Each 30 min period the woman asked to rate the labor pain using visual Analugu scale (VAS) Results: There were no statistically significant differences between mean pain in upright and supine position in all women. Conclusion: We conclude that a certain position can not provide less pain through the first Stage of labor. Therefore is no reason to discourage patients from adopting the position of their choice in labor

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Abstract Background and Aim: Breast cancer is a prevalent disease in the world, region and Birjand and there are racial and regional differences in the epidemiology and variations in the pattern of P53 gene mutations. We studied the prevalence of P53 gene mutations, estrogen and progesterone in breast caner patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, all consecutive pathological specimens of breast cancer patients in Birjand during 2 years were examined. First the neoplasm was determined and specimen from fixed parafinated blocks was obtained. After depparafination, immunohistochemistry staining with P53, estrogen and progesterone kit (DAKO Company, Denmark) was done. Data was analyzed by chi-square test. And P0.05 was regard as significant. Results: 51 specimens examined. Most of them were olden than 48 years (54.9%), residing in urban area (62.2%) and housewife (82.4%). The specimen were positive for estrogen, progesterone and P53 receptors in 12 (23.5%), (21.6%) and 14 (27.5%) respectively. There was no significant relation between the prevalence receptor positive and age, place of residence. Housewives had less estrogen receptor compared to employed patient (14.3% vs. .66.7% P<0.001). Progesterone and P53 receptor positivists were more common in employed patient comport to housewives but it was not significant. Conclusion: According to the result of this study and high prevalence of breast cancer, more studies with more sample size should be done to help patients for better treatment and survival.

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Background and Aim: Type 2 diabetes is a rapidly growing chronic health problem, the complications of which cause significant morbidity and mortality. Advancing age, obesity, upper body fat distribution, and a family history of diabetes are among the well established risk factors for this condition. This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of applying continuous care model on diabetic patients` body mass index and weight. Materials and Methods: This is a Quasi-experimental study which was done in Orumia`s Imam Reza hospital. 74 DM type II patients were selected with random allocation technique and assigned to case & control groups for the purpose of this research. Data collection tools include: demographic information’s questionnaire and measuring of weight, height, and calculating of body mass index. Researcher after doing first step of Continuous Care Model (orientation) in both of groups (case and control), did the second step of model (sensitization) only in case group with conducting 20 educative sessions of group discussion about self care in DM type II. Then control was done on case group monthly. In this stage researcher visited patients at their homes and completed check lists then evaluation was done. Results: The mean of BMI and weight amounts in the control group at the beginning of study and at the first, second and third months after were respectively: Repeated measurement test showed that: There is significant relation (P=0.014) between applying continuous care model and reducing BMI and weight amounts in diabetic patients. The mean of weight and BMI measured by pair t test showed that: There is significant relation amounts before and after of study in two groups (reduce route in case group and slightly increase in control group). Conclusion: Considering this findings, research hypothesis that applying continuous care model can reduce weight and BMI amounts in DM patients was approved. Therefore we propose to apply continuous care model on diabetic patients in order to reducing their weight and BMI amounts.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Obesity is one of the most prevalent nutrition disorders which is associated with increase in mortality rate, hypertension, diabetics, cardiovascular diseases, and Cancer. The majority of the people in developing and developed countries are involved in obesity. It is also the most important nutrition disease and one of the social problems all over the world. Materials and Methods: The samples, consisting of 440 females of 15-65 years of age, were selected based on random cluster sampling method. Measurement of obesity was performed through BMI and WHR indices. The analysis of data was done through statistic tests- Regression, Pierson. Kendal- and variation analysis, etc. using SPSS software. Results: Based on BMI index 27.7% of the sample females suffered from overweight (BMI=25-29.9), 14.5%, from obesity (BMI 30) and 22% from abdominal obesity (WHR 0.85). Based on both indices, BMI and WHR, there is a significant relationship between the level of education and the prevalence of obesity: This relation is detected between obesity and the three variables of marital status, menopause and frequency of pregnancy. 26.6% of married females. Suffers from obesity while this percentage is reduced to only 2.5% in the case of single females. 64.8% of menopausal females suffer from obesity while this percentage is reduced to 13.8% in the case of no menopausal females. The prevalence of obesity associated with no pregnant females is 11.9% while, in the case of females with six pregnancies, it rises to 67.5%. Regression test also indicates a significant relationship between advance in age and obesity: the rate of obesity sours from 7.7% among females of 20-24 years of age to 72.7% among females of 55-65 years of age. The results of the research confirm the existence of a significant relation- ship between the parentُ s, especially the motherُ s, obesity and the daughter’s obesity. Conclusion: Spreading information about obesity and its Complications, urging people to change their eating habits and to do exercise and physical activities can be effective in decreasing the prevalence of obesity.

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Background and Aim: The “nil by mouth” policy of women during labor is an unnecessary medical intervention however no science evidence has supported it. Up to now the finding from trials, which examined the effecting during labor on birth outcomes, does not provide convincing evidence to change practice. Changing policy NPO for women during labor require many trials. This study examined the effect of food intake during the first stage of labor on maternal and fetal outcomes in the low-risk pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial which was done in 22 Bahman hospital in Gonabad. 180 low-risk pregnant women in active phase of labor randomly were assigned to either an intervention or usual care group. Women in the intervention group (n=87) were selected and received one of the three diets (three dates and water or three dates and tea or 110 cc of orange juice) during the active phase of labor. Conversely, the control group (n=90) underwent fasting. Results: The second phase of labor duration was smaller than that of the control (p=0.047). The incidence of vomiting and active stage labor length were unaffected by food intake. Conclusion: The intake of carbohydrate foods during labor cause the reduction of the second stage of labor duration in spit of lack of accelerated vomiting incidence.

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Background and Aim: Consuming drugs without prescription causes many problems. This occurs more in women because this group is located in sensitive periods, for example, during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Therefore, the birth of abnormal neonatal causes many social and familial problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of education on knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women on self-medication in Arak city. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental prospective study that was carried out on 200 pregnant women referring to health centers in 2008. The subjects were randomly divided in two groups of experimental and control each of which included 100 persons. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of knowledge and attitude questions and a performance checklist on self-medication which was used in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program. The participants in the two groups filled out the questionnaire and checklist, then intervention was done during one month consisting of four 50-minute sessions, and finally the data of the two groups were collected and analyzed after three months of intervention. Results: The results indicated that the women’s mean score of knowledge and attitude on self-medication was moderate, and the performance on self-medication was less than average and the mean scores of experimental and control groups were 18% and 22%, respectively. The mean score of all variables in experimental group changed significantly after the intervention, and in comparison to the control group the participants’ performance on self-medication decreased (p<0/05). Conclusion: The higher the knowledge and attitude of women about self-medication are, the better the performance on correct consumption of drugs will be. The findings confirmed the effect of educational programs on self-medication for pregnant women. Therefore, it is proposed to hold educational programs in other health centers in order to decrease self-consumption of drugs. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, self-medication

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Background and Aim: Growth charts are widely used to assess children’s growth status and can provide a trajectory of growth during early important months of life. The objectives of this study were to construct centile reference charts for height-for-age for children aged 25 to 60 months and compare the results with the WHO reference. Materials and Methods: A total of 23644 apparently healthy boys and girls aged 25 to 60 months were recruited in July 2004 for 20 days from those attending community clinics for routine health checks. Anthropometric measurements were done by trained health staff using WHO methodology. The LMSP method with maximum penalized likelihood, the Generalized Additive Models, the BCPE distribution, the AIC and GAIC (3) criterion, and Worm plot and Q-tests as goodness of fit tests were used to construct the centile reference charts. Results: The height-for-age percentile curves for boys and girls aged from 25 to 60 months were derived utilizing a population of children living in the northeast of Iran. Among all age groups from 25 to 60 months, the median values of children living in the northeast of Iran were lower than the corresponding values in WHO reference data. The height curves of boys were higher than those of girls in all age groups. Conclusion: Significant differences between growth patterns of children living in the northeast of Iran versus international ones necessitate using local and regional standards and growth charts. International norms may not properly recognize the populations at risk for growth problems in Iranian children therefore, they may be misleading for our healthcare system.

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Background and Aim: With attention to the high prevalence of binocular vision anomalies, specially, convergence anomalies among university students which cause symptoms such as eye-strain, binocular vision symptoms, headache and problems in near daily activity, this study aims to assess the relationship between binocular vision symptoms and near point of convergence and jump convergence anomalies in students of Zahedan university of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 181 students were selected randomly, and divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. At first, refractive errors of individuals were determined by retinoscopy and corrected, if necessary. The convergence status was evaluated by near point of convergence and jump convergence. NPC, as the nearest point that subjects report diplopia, was determined using small isolated letter of approximately 20/30 (6/9) size from snellen reduced chart and jump convergence by two targets in different distances 15 and 50 cm along the median plane. The data were analyzed through SPSS software version15 using descriptive and analytical statistics of t-test, χ2 and ROC curve. Results: From 181 students, 56 students (30.9%) were symptomatic and 125 (69.1%) asymptomatic. The means of near point of convergence in all subjects, symptomatic and asymptomatic ones, were 10.95, 15.20 and 9.05 cm, respectively. The normal patterns of jump convergence in all persons, persons with and without symptoms, were 72.4, 37.5 and 88 percent, respectively. In this study, a significant difference was found between NPC and symptoms (p<0.001) and symptoms and jump convergence (p=0.01). Conclusions: Abnormal near points of convergence and jump convergence can produce binocular vision symptoms hence, the use of these two tests for evaluation of convergence status is necessary and if there is any functional abnormality, appropriate treatment options are selected. Often this problem can be easily managed by orthoptics.

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Background and Aims: As the most common mental disorder, depression has a major role in the determination of an individual's mental health. In this respect, bereavement and losing spouse is one of the most important causes in developing depression. Thus, this research intends to study, first, the level of the depression among the martyrs’ widows in Tehran with the use of special depression scale for war martyr's widows whose psychometric dimensions have been studied by the authors and, then, to find out its relation with some other demographic variables. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study performed on 660 widows in Tehran. Participants completed a Special Depression Scale for War Martyr's Widows. The psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire were approved for using in Iranian Martyr's Widows population. Then, the collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results: The results showed that about 50% of participants got a score higher than mean in the scale which indicated that depression thought and feelings for Iranian martyrs’ widows were in a higher status. Depression scores had a significant relation with their income, education, residential status and their occupation. Marital status didn't have any significant effect on the level of depression in martyr's widows. Conclusion: The results showed a high level of depression in Tehran Martyr's Widows and that they were concerned about war related experiences and feelings. Having high income, higher education, a private house and occupation were associated with lower scores on Special Depression Scale for War Martyr's Widows. The results obtained have been discussed in this regard as well.

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Background and Aims: Breastfeeding has the main role in the health of mothers and infants, and the instruction of mothers is essential in this context. This project aimed at comparing the effectiveness of instructional environment (Hospital versus Home) and other related factors to breastfeeding of mothers in hospital with home in Gonabad city. Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the research sample included 162 mothers who were admitted to 22 Bahman hospital of Gonabad, they were residents of Gonabad and were divided into two groups randomly. One group was instructed with instructional package of film in hospital and another group was instructed by the same package at home. The data were analyzed through SPSS software version 11.5 applying descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The results of this research showed that the highest percentage of research units constitute mothers who were 30-45 years of age (40.7%), were residents of the city (74.7%), had a personal house (75.9%) and had more than one child (55.6%). After instruction, there were significant statistical differences between the averages of total grades of breastfeeding function of mothers on the basis of location of residence (p<0.001), location of instruction (p=0.04), education (p=0.006) and age (p=0.01) so that breastfeeding function was better in mothers who were residents of the city, were instructed at home, had higher education and were older. Conclusion: The results showed that instructional package of WHO film at home had more effects on breastfeeding function of mothers in comparison to hospital setting. Mothers were more relaxed at home, complications after delivery decreased and the condition of learning was better.

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Background and Aim: The results of laboratory tests have little practical utility unless clinical studies have ascribed various states of health and disease to intervals of values. Some factors affect hematologic values, including race, environment, time and test method, blood collection location, gestational age and maternal factors. Since these factors vary in various populations, they can cause differences in reference hematologic values. Material and Methods: In this study in 1387, 447 healthy neonates with more than 2500 gr, born in different hospitals of Mashhad, were selected and cord blood specimens were taken using EDTA anticoagulant. Complete blood count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC indices were measured by using sysmex cell counter. Differential leukocyte counts were determined in peripheral blood smear. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 11.50 for which p value ≤ 0.05 was significant. Results: Mean and hematologic reference ranges were determined as follows: WBC (×103µl)=11.62 (5.16-18.2), RBC (×106 µl)=4.45(3.61-5.29), Hb (g/dl)=15.9 (13-18.8), Hct (%)=48.3(39.6-56.9), MCV (fl)=108.7(97.5-119.8), MCH (pg)=35.8(31.7-40), MCHC (g/dl)=33(30.1-35.2), RDW (%)=17.1 (14.1-20.3). Conclusion: We observed some differences in hematologic values in cord blood of neonates in comparison with other references which should be considered in clinical evaluations. Especially RBCs and hemoglobin were higher and MCV, WBC and absolute neutrophil count were lower.

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Background and Aim: There is a dearth of scientific data in sexual guilt and the factors that have influence on it in the academic literature. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between attachment styles and age with sexual guilt in women. Materials and Method: This was a correlational study. Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Regression Analysis Methods were used to analyze the data. Subjects were 192 married female students with the age range of 18-40 from three universities in Tehran, who filled out Adult Attachment Styles Index and Mosher Revised Sex-Guilt Inventory . Method of sampling was multistage clustering. Results:The findings showed that there are significant relationships(,p<0.01) between sexual guilt and secure attachment style(r=-0.265), Insecure-ambivalent attachment style ( r= 0.241) and insecure-avoidant style(r=0.257), age(r=0.438) and marital duration( r=0.345) . Age, insecure-ambivalent and insecure-avoidant attachment styles were able to predict 25.1 percent of the variance of sexual guilt (p<0.001). Conclusion: Women who have secure attachment style, report lower levels of sexual guilt and women who have insecure attachment styles report higher sexual guilt. Also age and marital duration are positively correlated with sexual guilt in women.

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Background and Aim: Although the low-sodium diet is a fundamental nonpharmacologic component of heart failure (HF) care, most persons with HF have considerable difficulty in following such a diet. Despite the high prevalence of nonadherence to the low-sodium diet, little is known about HF atients’nonadherence. This information is vital to the design and implementation of effective interventions to enhance adherence to a low-sodium diet. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to explore the relations between self concept according to Roy’s self-concept mode theory and adherence to sodium restricted diet in heart failure patients. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive correlational design, a convenience sample of 108 heart failure patients from two major medical and academic centers, affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were selected. Validity and reliability of questionnaires including cognitive perception of self concept according to Roy adaptation model and the adherence questionnaire were calculated after pilot study. Gathering data was done with questionnaires. Results: Direct relationship between challenge to self-concept and adherence to diet regimens (p = 0.001) (r=(36/0- was noted threat to self concept had an inverse relationship (r=(35/0 (p = 0.001). In other words, more challenge and less threat to self concept and its components were associated with more adherence to diet regimen. Conclusion: Through educational and counseling programs, nurses can help their clients to perceive heart failure regimes in ways that are less threatening. Additionally, they could work to empower patients to face heart failure as a challenge, which may enhance their adherence to diet regimens.

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Background and aim: Road traffic injury is one of the most significant global public health issues of the 21st century. The human factor appears as the most prevalent contributing factor of road traffic crashes. The purpose of this study was determining predictors unsafe driving in Yazd city, based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, total number of 379,19 years old and above people, entered in the study with a clustered random sampling from population under cover of urban health care centers of Yazd. Data was collected with a self-report questionnaire and analyzed using T, correlation coefficient and regression tests. Results: The mean score of unsafe driving was 14.49 out of 85. The most reported unsafe driving behavior was becoming impatient with a slow driver in the outer land and over take on the inside (43.48 %). The occurrence of unsafe driving behaviors was higher among younger, male and single drivers. There was a significant correlation between unsafe driving with perceived self efficacy, response efficacy, severity, rewards, costs and unsafe driving intention.Protection Motivation Theory constructs explained 36.5 % of the variances in unsafe driving behaviors. Perceived rewards was the most important predictor (β=0.317). Conclusion: The result of the present study supported the effectiveness of Protection Motivation Theory in prediction of unsafe driving behavior in 19 years old and above people in Yazd city So it seems that PMT can be used as a conceptual framework for designing educational programs aimed to improve the driving style and decreasing road traffic accidents.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Municipal landfill leachate has pollutant and refractory matters. Advanced oxygen procrsses (AOPs) are one of the wastewater treatment methods which have refractory matters. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound as AOP and ultrasound and H2O2 simultaneously on reduction of leachate organic load and VSS:FSS ratio. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study. In the first stage, organic matters are determined in raw leachate collected randomly. Then samples are sonicated in an ultrasonic bath to determine sonication effect on leachate. Each 400 ml sample was sonicated in four sonication times: 10,20,30, and 40 minutes. In other sonication step, H2O2 is added in 0.05 and 0.1 mol per liter, and samples are analyzed. Each sample was analyzed before and after sonication to determine: COD, VSS and FSS. Results: The most COD reduction rate was 8.22% in 40 min sonication. When H2O2 was added (0.05 mol/lit), COD reduction was 19.60%. When H2O2 was added (0.1 mol/lit), COD reduction was 19.72%. The ratio of VSS:FSS was 2.06 in raw leachate. After 10 min sonication, VSS:FSS ratio was decreased to 1.67. When H2O2 was added (0.05 mol/lit) in raw leachate, VSS:FSS ratio is increased to 2.94. The ratio of VSS:FSS was decreased to 2.67 and 2.16 when sonication (10 and 40 min) and H2O2 (0.05 mol/lit) was used, respectively. The ratio of VSS:FSS was increased to 3.61 and 2.16 when sonication (10 and 40 min) and H2O2 (0.1 mol/lit) was used, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that ultrasound can reduce VSS in leachate as pretreatment. H2O2 as an oxidant agent can also reduce organic matters in leachate and can be affect efficiency in next step of leachate treatment.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Calculating per capita performance is a logical and reasonable basis for the diagnosis of staff’s competency and merits and for achieving organizational objectives. This study aimed at analyzing the costs and determining the per‌ capita performance of the personnel working in the hygiene sectors of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all the costs of the sectors affiliated with the Health Deputy of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences were extracted in 2009. The services and activities were standardized and the time required for the performance of each activity was determined through using service provider comments. The primary health cares were provided based on the methods recommended in the reviewing and program evaluation techniques. The data were collected through over 75‌ forms and were fed into Excel and the cost‌ analysis software. After analyzing the data, the results were displayed in frequency distribution tables and charts. Results: 44.4% of the participants were males. Useful work time per capita in health houses were 270 minutes per day, in rural health centers it was 214‌ minutes, in urban health centers it was 203 minutes, in urban boarding health centers it was 343 minutes, and in health posts, it was 168 minutes. The useful work time per capita for the whole city employees was 225 minutes per day. The available workforce received 459 Rials for each minute of required work and 854‌ Rials for each minute of useful work. Conclusion: Only half of the temporal capacity of rural health workers, health technicians, administrative staff, and the diagnostic and therapeutic personnel were efficiently used, while for the temporary capacity and delivery and labor facilities of health posts, this figure stood at less than one third. Professional enrichment, clarifying work processes and workforce adjustment can play an important role in increasing productivity.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Music therapy is a technique by which music applies its effects through regulation of body rhythms and adjusts the physiological responses in several ways. Music has relaxation and anti-anxiety effects however, evidence about its physiological effects is inconsistent. This research was carried out to determine the effect of light music on physiological parameters of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Materials and Methods: In this before-after clinical trial, 35 patients with traumatic brain injuries hospitalized at ICU wards of Shohadae Tajrish and Loghman Hakim hospitals were selected by purposive sampling in 2011. The data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, a physiological parameters form, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and biophysiological measuring devices. Physiological parameters and GCS were measured before and after listening to light music. The data were analyzed by SPSS using RM- ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. Results: Comparing the means of physiological parameters before and after the intervention showed significant differences (p<0.001) i.e., the mean of SPO2 increased and the means of pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, arterial pressure and body temperature decreased. The mean of pulse pressure decreased with no significance (p=0.197). Conclusion: The results showed that light music can adjust physiological parameters of patients with traumatic brain injuries. This study recommends that the managers of hospitals develop a practical strategy to use light music in order to adjust the physiological parameters of patients at ICU wards.