---

Background & Aim: Breast cancer is one of the female’s general cancers and one reason of mortality among them. Regarding the Cyclooxygenase role (COX) and the production of prostaglandinE2 in causing tumor damages in mammary glands, it can be effective to apply components as COX inhibitor to prevent gland cancer. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate flunixin as unselected Cyclooxygenase inhibitor enzymes to reveal mammary gland cancer in female Wistar rat. Materials & Methods: The research was conducted to evaluate the role of flunixin as selective preventative of cyclooxygenase in the emergence of breast glands cancer in mice (Wistar race). The experiment groups included a negative control group (for which salin was injected on the breast glands with sesame oil) and a positive control group (to which we injected different values of flunixin). The sample included six rats. In order to inoculate the cancer, we used a compound called DMBA. This compound was injected into the breast glands directly. Then, the entire animal breast was studied in respect to the appearance of cancer damages (weight and diameter) in breast glands and the appearance of clinical symptoms. At the end of the research, we analyzed autopsy findings and microscopy sections of tumor damages in the samples of all groups. Results: In this study, tumor’s weight and thickness decreased in medicine receiving groups, (p≤0.05), and microscopic slice of mammary tissue confirmed the microscopic findings. Conclusion: This study confirms the positive effect of the drug in treating and preventing the mammary cancer in such a way that the microscopically slices provided from breast tissues in the experimental groups (drug receiving groups) indicate that cell cancers are decreasing so that the cells tend to gain their own normal order again.

---

Aims: Most of the elective and emergence cesarean sections in the world's credible treatment centers are performed under spinal anesthesia. Either spinal or general anesthesia is associated with complications. The use of spinal anesthesia is recommended because of maintaining the safety of mother and her newborn. This study aimed to determine the incidence of complications related to spinal and general anesthesia after cesarean section.

Methods: This cross-sectional, analytic study was performed in 2011 on all candidate women for elective cesarean section referred to 22^nd of Bahman Hospital in Gonabad city, Iran and 122 cases were selected by simple sampling method. The data were collected with a researcher-made questionnaire include the demographic, pre-operation and post-operation information. These data were analyzed with SPSS 16 and independent T and Chi square tests.

Results: There were significant relations between the incidence of sore throat (p=0.001), muscle pain (p=0.002), rapid return of pain after surgery (p=0.001) and headache (p=0.047) after cesarean section and the type of anesthesia. There was only a significant relation between headache and satisfaction of the pregnant women from cesarean section (p=0.21). There was no significant relation between the age of pregnant woman and any types of complications.

Conclusion: The rate of sore throat, muscle pain and rapid return of pain after surgery is higher after general anesthesia than spinal anesthesia.

---

Aims: Growth factors are associated with a change in body composition and chronic diseases such as cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the individual and concomitant effect of water-based exercise and oral Zingiber officinale supplement on Changes in growth factors and estrogen in overweight women with breast cancer. Methods: In a semi-experimental study, Forty obese women diagnosed with breast cancer(76±9 kg, fat mass 41.8±4 percent) participated. Subjects were randomly assigned into groups placebo, water-based exercise, Zingiber and water-based exercise+Zingiber groups. Subjects in the Zingiber group and combined group orally received 4 capsules contained 750 mg of zingiber flour for 6 weeks. The water-based exercise program were collected at a progressive intensity and time, ranged from 50 to 75 percent of heart rate reserve, for 6 weeks. Fasting blood sampling was collected at the pretest and post-test. Results: Although, the Zingiber and or the water-base exercise resulted in a reduction in IGF-1 and estrogen levels and a increase in IGFBP-3 levels, changes in the index following the combined intervention (exercise in water+Ginger supplements) were more pronounced compared with pre-test and the control group. However, there was the significant difference only in IGFBP-3 levels between water-base exercise and Zingiber supplementation groups (p=0.046). Conclusion: Our findings indicate a protective effect of the nondrug strategies such as exercise in water and anti-inflammatory herbal factors in the pathogenesis of growth and metabolic responses in overweight women diagnosed with breast cancer.

---

Aims: Using chemical drugs to treat disease often is associated with side effects. Recently, using herbal medicines, which have fewer side effects, has flourished to treat many diseases, including infertility. This study was done aimed to investigate the effect of palm pollen aqueous extract on sexual hormones and follicle cells numbers in adult female BALB/c mice. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was done in animal house of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2012. 40 adult female BALB/c mice were divided into 5 control, sham and experimental groups receiving 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of the body weight of the extract groups each with 8 members. Levels of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay and ovarian follicles numbers were counted after separation of the ovaries and sectioning and staining using Hematoxylin & Eosin by light microscopy. The results of hormonal assays were analyzed based on One-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests using SPSS 18 software. Findings: A significant increase was observed at the level of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone compared to the control group only in the experimental group 3 (receiving 400mg/kg palm pollen extract) (p<0.01). Also, only in the experimental group 3 a significant increase was observed in the number of secondary follicles (p<0.05) and the number of antral follicles (p<0.01) compared to the control. Conclusion: 400mg/kg palm pollen aqueous extract increases the amount of sexual hormones and secondary and antral follicle numbers in adult female mice.

---

Aims: Among all types of headache, migraine is the third most prevalent disorder and seventh common cause of disability. In Old Persian medical literature, Coriander fruit have been introduced as a treatment of headache. The aim of this study was exploring the effect of Coriander fruit on severity and duration of migraine attacks. Materials & Methods: This randomized triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in the neurology clinic of Shohadaye Tajrish hospital in Tehran. Based on sample size formula for longitudinal data, a total number of 66 patients were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Intervention group received common medicine plus Coriander fruit and the control group received common medicine plus placebo and both were followed during four weeks after intervention. For analyzing the data, random effect and transition models were utilized and the results were compared using Akaike criteria. Findings: The average of attacks duration in the intervention group was 4.27 hours less than the control group (p<0.001). Also, mean severity of migraine attacks in the intervention group was 2.81 (based on VAS scale) less than control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Coriander fruit reduces the duration and severity of migraine attacks. Also, considering the duration and severity of last migraine attacks is necessary for prediction.

---

 

Aims: Magnetic resonance venography based on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) utilizes deoxygenated hemoglobin in veins as an intrinsic contrast medium. Magnetic susceptibility difference between deoxygenated hemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin and parenchyma lead to an excellent venous contrast. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different magnetic resonance imaging sequences and susceptibility weighted imaging in the visualization of sinus venous thrombosis.

 

Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Shafa Medical Imaging Center in Isfahan City, Iran, from August 2013 to September 2014 and 12 patients with sinus venous thrombosis were analyzed using MRI, SWI, and Phase contrast-magnetic resonance venography (PC-MRV). 

 

Findings: In all patients, sub-acute superior sagittal sinus, transverse and sigmoid sinuses thrombosis was most successfully detected during the susceptibility weighted imaging. In only one case, the sub-acute left transverse and sigmoid sinuses and left jugular vein of thrombosis was discernible with T1W. In 6 patients, sinus venous thrombosis was discernible with T2W in the sub-acute stage. PC-MRV showed the acute and sub-acute sinus venous thrombosis in all patients.

 

Conclusion: Susceptibility weighted imaging has a high diagnostic value for detecting sub-acute superior sagittal sinus, transverse and sigmoid sinuses thrombosis.

 

 

 

---

Aims: Conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells have a positive effect on repairing damaged tissues because of having metabolites, growth factors and cytokines. The aim of current study was to investigate the healing effect of conditioned medium of adipose tissue-derived stem cells on histomorphometric changes of testis in treated mice with busulfan.

Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 18 adult male mice were divided into the three equal groups including control group (Without treatment), azoospermia sham and experimental groups. The sham and experimental groups were induced azoospermia by two injection of 10 mg/kg busulfan intraperitoneally, with 21 days interval. 35 days after the second injection of busulfan, the experimental group treated with conditioned medium of adipose tissue-derived stem cells, and 60 days after conditioned medium injection, the testes of mice were removed and histomorphometric evaluation was done. The results were analyzed by SPSS 18 software using Mann-Whitney, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc-test.

Findings: The lumen diameter and area of the seminiferous tubules in the three groups did not have any significant difference; however, the total diameter, cellular diameter, cellular area, cross-sectional area and spermatogenesis index of the seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (p˂0.05), while they were significantly increased compared to the azoospermia sham group (p˂0.001). Also, the number of tubules and numerical density of the seminiferous tubules were significantly increased in the azoospermia sham compared to the control and experimental groups (p˂0.001).

Conclusion: Secretory factors of conditioned medium from adipose tissue-derived stem cells could be effective in the restoration of spermatogenesis in busulfan-induced infertile mice.

---

Aims: Leptin is one of the most important fat-derived hormones. Several studies have shown that serum leptin levels in systemic inflammatory diseases are reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum leptin levels in three groups: patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), patients with non-pulmonary infections (acute pneumonia) and normal people.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, in 2010, 40 patients with active pulmonary TB (case group) and 40 patients with non-pulmonary infections (positive control group) admitted to Boo-Ali hospital in Zahedan and 40 healthy subjects (negative control group) were selected using easy access and serum leptin levels were evaluated by ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software and one-way ANOVA.
Findings: The mean of serum leptin levels in patients with non-pulmonary infections (p=0.030) and in patients with active pulmonary TB (p=0.004) were significantly lower than normal group, but the mean of serum leptin levels in patients with active pulmonary TB and patients with non-pulmonary infections were not significantly different (p=0.555).
Conclusion: Serum leptin levels are lower in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and in patients with non-pulmonary infections than in normal people, but there is no difference between patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and patients with non-pulmonary infections. Therefore, serum leptin levels are not an appropriate marker for the differentiation of active pulmonary tuberculosis from pulmonary infections (acute pneumonia).
 

---

Aims:Millions of people consume psychoactives such as marijuana. Mesenchyme cells, which are derived from bone marrow stem cells, have multiple applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of marijuana on differentiation power of bone marrow stem cells of adult male rats in adipose tissues.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the bone marrow stem cells of adult male rats were segregated with flushing method. Then, their mesenchymal identity was confirmed with a morphological study, PCR-RT method, and surface markers of CD45 and CD34 along with the related genes of CD90 and CD73. For analyzing the viability and differentiation power of the cells in adipose tissues in terms of marijuana usage, cell samples were exposed to different dosages of marijuana, such as 30 and 6000 ng/ml and cell survival was evaluated by MTT.The adipogenic differentiation potential of the treated cells were analyzed based on oil red staining. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Schaffe tests.

Findings:The results indicated that the extracted cells are non-adherent in flasks and, in moving from passage one to the next passage, their duplication speed increased. In passage three, they changed into fusiform cells. Based on RT-PCR, it was revealed that CD90 and CD73 were existent, but CD34 and CD45 are nonexistent. Marijuana treatment caused no change in the form of stem cells. 10days after exposure to adipogenic circumstances, in addition to increase of survival, their cytoplasm was repleted with adipose.

Conclusion:The results of this study revealed that marijuana has positive effects on mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells in differentiating the adipocyte.

---

Aims: The Sleep quality is the psychological sensation that affects the quality of life and feeling healthy and also leads to symptoms of mental and physical illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on the improvement of sleep quality in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.  
Materials & Methods: : In a quasi -experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, 30 women with generalized anxiety disorder diagnosis were selected using random sampling and were randomly devided into two experimental groups (n = 15) and control (N = 15). The intervention which consisted of 8 sessions of 90 minutes of MBCT, which was provided only to the experimental group. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and by covariance analysis.
Findings: The results of this study showed that mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) had a significant effect on reducing the quality of sleep (F=37.55, P<0.05) in the experimental group. 
Conclusion: : Mindfulness- based cognitive therapy can improve dimensionality subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration and sleep disturbances women with GAD patients.

---

Aims: The most common manifestations of chronic diseases are depression, anxiety and stress. Various complications such as physical, economic, social and psychological problems can result in psychopathological complications in dialysis patients. This study was conducted to determine depression, anxiety and stress in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Materials & Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was done in the hemodialysis section of Bohlool Hospital of Gonabad in 2017  using a census sampling on 46 hemodialysis patients who had the criteria for entering the study. The data gathering tools were a demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21). Finally collected data was analyzed by SPSS software Version 16 And 95% confidence interval with descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: The findings of this study showed that depression was 63.5%, anxiety 65.20%, stress 67.4% in patients undergoing hemodialysis. There was no significant difference between depression, anxiety and stress with gender. (p=0.189, p=0.448, p=0.763)
Conclusion: According to the findings and because of high rates of depression, anxiety and stress, it is felt that there is a need to improve the quality of life of these patients.

---

Introduction: Platelet satellitism is a rare in vitro phenomenon , which is considered as one of the causes of pseudo thrombocytopenia. This phenomenon is almost always observed in peripheral blood smears prepared from blood samples containing EDTA anticoagulant and at ambient temperature although it is not visible at lower temperatures and in blood samples treated with other anticoagulants. If the peripheral blood smear is not performed, this can cause misdiagnosis of thrombocytopenia. In this case, the platelet count of a 4-year-old child was checked in the laboratory for platelet satellitism.
Methods: The patient's blood samples were collected with both EDTA and sodium citrate anticoagulants separately , and the platelet was counted with cell counter. At the same time as the platelet count was done by the device, the peripheral blood smears were also analyzed. No bleeding symptoms were observed in the patient.
Findings: Platelet count in the sample with EDTA anticoagulant was 85×10⁹/L, and in the peripheral blood smear prepared from this sample, the platelet satellitism was observed only around neutrophils. However, there was no platelet satellitism in the sample prepared with sodium citrate anticoagulant and the patient's platelet count increased to 242×10⁹/L.
Conclusion: Platelet satellitism is a rare phenomenon that can lead to laboratory error by inducing pseudo thrombocytopenia. This condition should be considered in thrombocytopenia cases without clinical symptoms because it may have negative effects on the patient's care process by performing inappropriate therapeutic interventions.