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Aims: Urinary incontinence is a common health problem in women and its most common type is urinary stress incontinence. The disease has a significant impact on various aspects of life and leads to reduced quality of life for women. One way of improving health level is focusing on life quality level in individuals. So, in this study, the impact of family-centered empowerment model on quality of life in women with stress urinary incontinence is discussed. Methods: This study is a clinical trial. After sampling through convenience method, the subjects (N=64) were divided into experimental and control groups, using blocked random method. For the experimental group, the interventions based on family-centered empowerment model which included four stages (perception of threat, efficacy promotion, self-esteem and evaluation) were performed using group discussion, representation, and training participation. Research instruments included questionnaires of demographic and disease basic information, assess quality of life in patients with urinary incontinence (IQOL), knowledge, self-esteem, and health behaviors. The questionnaires were ccompleted before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics and analytical tests. Results: The statistical tests showed that the two groups of experimental and control were matched in terms of demographics and severity of incontinence. Moreover, based on independent t-test, there was no significant difference between the mean score of quality of life, knowledge, self-esteem and health behaviors in the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05), while there was a significant difference between the two groups with respect to these variables after the intervention (P<0.001). Also, Chi-square test showed a significant difference in the occurrence of urinary incontinence before and after the intervention in the experimental group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Family-centered empowerment health model can be used by nurses for the management of behavioral techniques, as the first level of provided intervention to improve the stress urinary incontinence. Moreover, it can increase the life quality of women with stress urinary incontinence who are not hospitalized and reside in the community.

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Aims: To reduce discomfort and anxiety, providing true sedation for the patients hospitalized in ICU is very important. Therefore, the staff of ICU needs tools to measure effective sedation in the patients. The aim of this study was to assess the sedation status in the patients hospitalized in ICU via Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) and to compare the findings with Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Instrument & Methods: In this correlational study in 2015, 106 patients hospitalized in the intensive care units of Qaem Hospital of Mashhad, Iran, were selected via quota sampling method and studied. Sedation status of the patients was assessed by the validated Persian version of SAS and VAS. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software and Spearman’s correlation coefficient test.

Findings: There was a positive and significant correlation between SAS and VAS (p<0.001; r=0.824). The highest scoring of SAS, which was 6, was equivalent to score 3 in VAS. In general, the higher the score of SAS, the higher the score of VAS was. 

Conclusion: SAS and VAS are in a high correlation to assess sedation. Therefore, SAS can be used as a valid tool in the treatment sector.

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Aims: Health literacy is one of the most important variables in maintaining and improving the health of all, especially among elderly people. In addition the Health Locus of Control (HLC) theory,  is considered as one of the tools which used in planning health education programs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on the Health Locus of Control (HLC) theory on health literacy among elderly persons.
Materials & Methods: A parallel, randomized field trial study conducted among seniors 60 to 75 years, residents in Bardaskan in 2017. Using balanced block randomization, the participants were randomly allocated into intervention and control group. The required data were gathered by adult health literacy and HLC questionnaires. The data were entered in SPSS 21 software and were analyzed using   and T-test (independent, paired).
Findings: We used data from 91 completed questionnaires (intervention group= 46, control group = 45) to perform the analysis. Before intervention, the mean and standard deviation of health literacy in experimental and control group were 52.60 (11.95) and 48.07 (12.54), respectively (P= 0.080). These amounts were 77.68 (7.60) in intervention group and 51.18 (13.99) in control group after the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results indicated that educational intervention based on the theory of health locus of control could affect the health literacy of elderly. By recognizing health control beliefs of elderly people, it seems that appropriate educational programs can be developed to educate and develop health literacy of this group.
 

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Aims: Fertility is an important factor for population growth and its proportion. Regarding the overall decrease in the total fertility rate in Iran and reaching below the replacement rate, this study aimed at determining the effect of the education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on women’s fertility intention.
Methods & Materials: This interventional study was conducted on 100 pregnant women of reproductive age covered by the Gonabad community health centers. The subjects were selected through two-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups (n=50 per group). Data were analyzed using SPSS V. 20 and Independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test.
Findings: There was no significant difference between the demographic characteristics of the subjects in the experimental and control groups. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean score of the theoretical constructs between the two groups. After the intervention, the mean score of attitude (P=0.014), perceived behavioral control (P=0.042), and behavioral intention (P=0.005) were significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that the educational intervention based on TPB could positively affect the fertility intention of single-child women. Hence, it is suggested to use this model in educational programs related to population growth policy and to plan interventions encouraging couples to have another child.