Showing 12 results for مختاری
Dr. H. Mokhtarian, Dr. M. Mohsenzadeh, Dr. M. Khezri,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (vol- 1 2004)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The fresh milk and its products are the cause of some nutritional diseases due to their perfection and the ease of being infected. This study was carried out to examine the quality of traditional ice cream being consumed.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 100 samples of traditional ice cream were randomly selected from different area of Mashhad city and test for bacterial contamination. The data were analyzed according to season and area.
Results: The result shows, that %91 of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (5×105 cpu/gr).84% of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (>102 cpu/gr) with Entrobacteriacea. 67% the samples contained more than 102/gr of staphylococcus aurous. Escheria coli were isolated from 11% of the samples. No salmonella was isolated from samples.
Conclusion: A high percentage of the traditional ice cream was not accordance with the current standards regarding the hygienic quality. It seems that pasteurizing the primary mixture of ice cream through sufficient temperature in order to control the primary infection helps to increase the quality of this product.
Dr. H. Mokhtarian D., Dr. M. Ghahramani, Mr. H. Nourzad,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (vol-3 2006)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aim: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases diagnosed in patients. Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been documented to be the most important pathogen associated with symptomatic tract infections. The aim of this study was to determine the local prevalence of bacterial and strains antimicrobial resistance of E.coli isolated from patients with UTI by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance.
Material and Methods: In order to isolate and identify bacterial agents causing UTI and to indentify it’s sex and age distribiution, in a cross- sectional study, a total of 2101 midstream urine samples “through simple random sampling method” were analyzed for isolation and identification of bacterial isolates as per standard methods. Susceptibility tests were performed with disc diffusion tests using the Kirby-Bauer method on E.coli isolated from 233 cases with UTI aged from 3.5 month through 90 years with an average of 16.52±21.22 years. All data were analyzed with SPSS for windows.
Results: Out of which 353 samples were found to be significant bacteriuria (105 Cfu/mL) and remaining 1748 samples were either non-significant bacteriuria or very low bacterial count or sterile urine. In the present study, out of 353 isolated uropathogens the most common isolate was E.coli (66%) followed by staphylococcus sp (21.8%) klebsiella pneumoniae (7.93%), proteus vulgaris (3.4%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.84%). The UTIs were found to most frequently in female (78.5%) than male (21.5%) (P=0.000). The isolated E.coli showed resistant to amoxycilin (100%), ampicillin (99.1%) and sensitive to ciprofloxacin (85%) and ceftizoxime (60.1%).
Conclusion: This study suggests that in emergency cases before the result of antibiogrom test is determined, the best choices to begin empiric treatment are cipro floxacin and ceftizoxime. amoxicillin and ampicillin are quite ineffective to treat these infections.
H. Momeni Moghadam, H. Ansari, Dr. Aa. Yekta, M. Ehsani, M. Samandar, S. Mokhtari,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (vol-2 2007)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The convergence insufficiency is an inability to converge or to maintain convergence for prolonged near work or in the other hand an inability to obtain or to maintain sufficient comfortable binocular vision at near. The symptoms associated with convergence insufficiency are asthenopia, headache, intermittent diplopia, perceived moving of print when reading etc. These symptoms can be worse with prolonged near work ,sleepness, stress, anxiety and illhealth. The clinical signs of this problem are remote near point of convergence,reduced positive fusional vergence and increase of exophoria at near.The stages of treatment are elimination of decompensating factors,correction of any refractive errors,vision training,prism prescription and surgery if required. The purpose of this study is the determination of mean and range of convergence insufficiency diagnostic tests in patients with convergence insufficiency.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 74 patients aged 12-25 year with convergence insufficiency who refer to Alzahra eye center and had inclusion criteria selected randomly.After the determination of refractive errors by retinoscopy(with cyclopentolate %1 if needed)and best correction with subjective refraction, near point of convergence with millimeter rule,exophoria with alternate prism cover test and positive fusional vergence with prism bar was measured.One vertical row of reduced snellen chart with equivalent size approximately 20/30 used as a accommodative target.After collection of desired information,data were analysed by SPSS.14 .
Results: From 74 subjects, 41 patient(%55/4)were females and 33 patient (%44/6) males. In this study the mean of near point of convergence, exophoria at near, positive fusional vergence were 11/97 ± 3/24 centimeter, 9/66 ± 4/36 prism diopter and 19/63±8/26 prism diopter respectively. There was not statistically significant relationship between sex and convergence insufficiency diagnostic tests (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that the mean and standard deviation of near point of convergence,near exophoria and positive fusional vergence in most patients with convergence insufficiency were abnormal compared with patient without convergence insufficiency.Also in spite of normality of one diagnostic test,patient may have convergence insufficiency.
Dr. F. Moradimoghadam, Dr. A. Khosravi Khorashad, Dr. A. Mokhtarifar,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (vol 1 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori treatment is advised in all cases of chronic dyspepsia recently but despite several new drugs, treatment failure is probable yet and the choice method to eradicate Hpylori is contraversial.
Materials and Methods: We studied all patients with chronic dyspepsia who referred to endoscopic ward of Imam Reza hospital. After demonstration of Helicobacter pylori infection by rapid urea’s test (RUT), these cases were divided into two groups randomly. The first group was treated by Metronidazole, Amoxicillin and Omeprazole and the second group was treated by previous drugs plus Bismuth Substrate for 2 weeks. Then drug side effects were asked during the first and second week and Helicobacter pylori eradication was evaluated by UBT (Urea Breath test) six weeks after the treatment.
Results: Among 56 cases in this study 39.3% were male and 60.7% were female and 41-50 years cases were more frequent. 27 cases (48.2%) were treated by triple therapy and 29 patients (51.8%) were treated by quadruple therapy. Most common symptoms during the first week were abdominal pain and flatulence but during the second week the common side effect was flatulence. Although, treatment side effects were rare in the second week and only 25% of patients had significant symptom. Finally the total treatment success rate was 49% and Helicobacter pylori was eradicated according to UBT in 50% by triple therapy and 48% by quadruple therapy. The difference between two methods was not significant, although treatment success ratio was higher in young people.
Conclusion: Triple therapy (Omeprazole, Amoxicillin and Metronidazole) is an effective regimen for the first line therapy in eradication of Helicobacter pylori especially in young people.
Dr. H. Mokhtarian, Dr. N. Shariatifar, M. Mohamadzadeh, Dr. M. Ghahramani,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (vol.15-2 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ice cream, a milk based product is a good media for microbial growth due to high nutrition value, almost neutral PH value and long storage duration. Contamination of this product with pathogen micro-organism can lead to food poisoning and food born infection and can endanger the sanitation of human. The aim of this research was to assess microbial status of traditional Ice creams.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 100 samples of traditional Ice cream were obtained randomly from the retail stores in summer. All the samples were analyzed for microbial contamination according to the Iran national standard .The collected data were analyzed statistically using t-test by SPSS for windows.
Results: The results show that 26% of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (>5×104 /gr) ,75% of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (>10 /gr) with entrobacteriacea. staphylococcus aurous and Escheria coli were isolated from 4% and 32% of samples respectively .No salmonella was isolated from samples.
Conclusion: To prevent out break of poisoning and microbial infections due to consumption of Ice cream as well as supervision and control during the production are essential.
Mj. Fani, Dr. H. Mokhtarian D, Dr. M. Mohsenzadeh, Dr. M. Ghahramani, Dr. M. Moshki,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Vol.15-3 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Campylobacter is a major cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis and poultry meat is an important source of human outbreaks of campylobacteriosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses in Gonabad poultry slaughterhouse.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a number of 100 samples from broiler poultry carcasses were randomly collected by using rinse test in Gonabad poultry slaughterhouse. The samples after enrichment in Exeter broth were plated on skirrow agar with 5% hemolysed, defibrinated horse blood and then incubated for 48 h at 42C in microaerophilic condition. Suspected colonies with gram negative staining and rod shape were tested for oxidase, catalase, hippurate hydrolysis and Darty mortality.
Results: from 100 examined samples, 31 (31%) were found positive for campylobacter spp. Biochemical differentiation of the produced campylobacteria isolates showed that C.jejuni was frequently isolated (61.29%) than C.coli (38.71%).
Conclusion: The present results showed that chicken carcasses proved to be reservoir of campylobacter. Consequently, implementation of good cooking techniques and washing carcasses perfectly are necessary. It is also necessary to improve quality control for campylobacter spp. in chicken abattoirs.
Dr. M. Ghahramani, Dr. H. Mokhtarian, Dr. M. Kianmehr, Miss N. Sarshar, Mr. M. Yaghobi Avval Riabi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (vol-3 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hyperlipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, is one of the major risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Egg yolk is one of the richest sources of dietary cholesterol in human nutrition. Because egg yolk has relative high cholesterol, we wish to investigate the effect of consuming regular eggs on serum lipid profile.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental trail, twenty six healthy normolipidemic volunteers (8 men and 18 women) were recruited for the study and two well-cooked moderately sized eggs were added to their breakfast in addition to their regular diet for 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples, the dietary intakes, serum lipids, and anthropometric measurements were compared before and after starting new diet applying paired t-test using SPSS software (ver.13) for windows.
Results: The 4-week egg consumption (2 per day) significantly increased the average level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride from 129.76, 72.19 and 99.63 mg/dl before having egg to 160.69, 98.03 and 105.34 mg/dl, respectively, after using eggs (p=0.0001). While HDL-C decreased significantly from 54.84 mg/dl to 50.73 mg/dl (p=0.008), cholesterol intake significantly increased from 251.2 mg/day to 534.1 mg/day (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: Because egg yolk has relatively high cholesterol concentrations, limited egg consumption is often recommended to reduce serum cholesterol concentrations and to help prevent coronary heart diseases (CHD).
Miss N. Sarshar, Dr. M. Ghahramani, Dr. M. Kianmehr, Dr. T. Kazemi, Dr. H. Mokhtarian, Mr. M. Yaghobi Avval Riabi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (vol-3 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Coronary artery diseases are the major causes of death around the world and dyslipidemia is one of the most susceptive factors. It is very important to control the dyslipidemia to prevent the cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Gonabad city.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 606 persons (401 women and 205 men) with 41.39±12.56 mean years were selected based on random cluster sampling method, and serum lipids including triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were determined in fasting condition. The data were analyzed through statistic tests, that is, chi-square and t-test using SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that the most prevalence of dyslipidemia was high LDL-C and total cholesterol levels that were showed in 49.6 and 45.6 percent of men and women, respectively. The lowest prevalence of dyslipidemia was low Levels of HDL-C that were showed in 17.5 and 11.6 percent of men and women, respectively. The prevalence of all lipid abnormalities in expect of high levels LDL-C that were higher in men than women, and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in men than women. There was a significant relation between age and mean lipid values. The results showed increasing means of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C with aging until 50-59, but beyond that age a decrease was showed. The prevalence of lipid abnormalities in expect of HDL-C was significantly more in the individuals above 40 years old than the younger ones.
Conclusion: With regard to the fact that the prevalence of lipid abnormalities is almost high in the present study, it seems that more educational recommendations, modification of dietary habits, lifestyles, and also progress of physical activities are necessary for the prevention of ischemic heart disease risks.
Dr Hassan Vossoughinia, Dr Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Dr Elham Mokhtari Amirmajdi, Dr Fereshteh Ravan Bakhsh, Dr Siavash Abedini,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (Vol-4 2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Infection with Hepatitis B and C viruses is common in Iran. Prevention is the most effective way to control these infections in our country. In order to determine the best way of prevention, the main modes of transmission must be understood.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was performed on 60 Anti-HCV positive and 340 HBsAg positive blood donor volunteers who came to Mashhad blood transfusion organization (BTO) and they were compared with 400 Anti-HCV and HBsAg negative hospitalized patients who were matched with the case group in regard to age and sex. The modes of transmission were investigated through a detailed questionnaire that focused on the common risk factors of HBV and HCV contagion. Univariate analysis and stepwise forward Logistic Regression analysis were used to compare the case and the control groups. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS software version 11.5. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: The frequency of Anti-HCV and HBsAg positivity among blood donor volunteers in Mashhad was %0.10 and %1.17. In final multivariate analysis only needle stick was remained as a common risk factor for both Anti-HCV positive and HBS Ag positive cases. (OR: 16.94 and 7.12 respectively). History of jaundice (OR: 5.05), dental operation (OR: 4.50), and history of prison (OR: 8.08) were found to be independent risk factors for HCV infection. Tattoo and prison history were independent predictors for HBV infection.
Conclusion: The modes of transmission of HBV and HCV in Mashhad do not greatly differ from those in other parts of Iran. This study may be interesting because of the sero-prevalence of hepatitis C and B and its relationship with religious beliefs of the index population. There are certain medical procedures, life style patterns, customs and cultural matters in Mashhad that predispose people to a number of HCV and HBV risk factors.
Dr Nabi Shariati Far, Dr Hossein Mokhtarian Daluie, Mr Mortaza Mohamadzadeh Moghaddam, Dr Mohammad Ghahramani,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (2-2011)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ice cream is a good growth-medium for microbes due to its nutrients and nearly neutral pH of 6-7. Ice cream contaminated with E.coli is the source of diarrhea and E.coli is an important pathogen that has shown an increasing antimicrobial resistance to most antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of E.coli isolated from traditional ice-cream in Gonabad city.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 126 E.coli isolated from 523 samples of traditional ice cream which were collected randomly from the retail stores in Gonabad during March 2007 through November 2008. The antibiograms of E.coli isolates were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion on Muller Hinton Agar against 17 selected antibiotics.
Results: In this research, 126 (24/9%) samples were positive for E.coli . All E.coli isolates (100%) were found to be resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav in addition, 99.2% of the isolates were resistant to Erythromycin. However, 89.68% isolates were susceptible to ceftizoxim followed by 64.85% susceptible to ceftriaxon.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in order to treat diarrhea due to ice cream contaminated with E.coli the best choices for beginning empiric treatment are ceftizoxim and ceftriaxon.
Ms Homa Soleimani, Dr Parviz Abdolmaleki, Dr Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji, Dr Tayebeh Toliat, Dr Abbas Tavasoly ,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (Autumn 2011)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aim: Experiments have showed that the use of combined single or dual frequencies ultrasound irradiation in low-level intensity for treatment of cancer is effective . We investigated the antitumor effect of simultaneous low-intensity, 150 kHz ultrasound, in combination with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) on breast adenocarcinoma using murine model (Balb/c).
Materials and Methods: Forty-four mice were used in this study. The tumor-bearing mice were divided into five groups, namely, control, sham, drug, drug+US and exposure to ultrasound alone . The administrated dose of DOX was 2 mg/per i.v, and the time of exposure was 30 minutes.
Results: We showed that, after the injection of DOX, exposure to ultrasound at 150 kHzcon potentiates the effect of doxorubicin on the growth of adenocarcinoma tumors compared to control group by two folds. The tumor growth inhibition percent in the groups treated by ultrasound and doxorubicin showed an increase compared with the group treated with doxorubicin alone. The total tumor growth inhibition percent (days 3-21) in the drug alone, drug+150 kHz groups was 23(%), 55(%), respectively . There was also a significant difference between the drug-treated group and the drug+US groups in times needed for each tumor to reach 2 and 7 times its initial volume (T2 and T7).
Conclusion: The co-administration of DOX and low-intensity ultrasound provided a more effective treatment than the drug alone in murine breast cancer. The combined treatment appeared to produce synergistic effects that are potentially useful in reducing the side effects of DOX by lowering the required effective dose of the drug while increasing the efficiency of the therapy as a whole.
Hossein Mokhtarian Dalue, Mohamad Ghahramani, Mohamad Hasan Minooean, Narges Sarshar, Nabi Shariati Far,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (3-2014)
Abstract
Aims: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections and coagulase negative staphylococci are a common cause of this disease based on some reports. Due to increasing the resistance resulting from antibiotics consumption, this study was performed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from urinary tract infections in Gonabad, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 264 coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from patients who were referred to Jahad Daneshgahi Laboratory due to urinary tract infection in Gonabad city. Identification of bacterial strain was performed by classical identification methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on Mueller-Hinton agar (merck-Germany) using disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer›s) technique.
Results: Out of 264 isolates, the most frequent species of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates were Staphylococci epidermidis (84%) followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (14%). Based on antibiotic resistance pattern,››Penicillin›› (56.43%) showed the highest resistance followed by "erythromycin" (46.21%), and "nitrofurantion" (42.42%) in order. However, CNS showed the highest susceptibility to "ciprofloxacin" (82.57%), "vancomycin" (78.03%) and "Amikacin" (74.24%).
Conclusion: The findings showed that the use of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin, as the first choice in empirical treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in the region, should be reconsidered.