---

Background and Aim: One of the most today world problems in TB treatment is drug resistance because of its expensive expenditures, high mortality rate and hard controling of the disease. This research is to determine TB patients drug resistant (such as Isoniazid, Rifampin). Materials and Methods: In the research the patients referring to Gorgan rural and urbon health centers during two years that their smear was positive not striken before or treated. The patients were treated TB Antidrugs adviced by WHO. In the case of positive smear after 4 months, The second Anti biogram was done by proportional standard method after the culture. Results: From 260 patients, 31 after the fourth months had positive smear treatment that after (cat II) only two were positive and only one was found to have drug resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampin (MDR). Conclusion: The prevalence and drug resistance rate mycobacterium strainis showed that drug resistance is not so serious here so far however necessary control and consideration must be prevented.

---

Background & Aim: Breast cancer is one of the female’s general cancers and one reason of mortality among them. Regarding the Cyclooxygenase role (COX) and the production of prostaglandinE2 in causing tumor damages in mammary glands, it can be effective to apply components as COX inhibitor to prevent gland cancer. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate flunixin as unselected Cyclooxygenase inhibitor enzymes to reveal mammary gland cancer in female Wistar rat. Materials & Methods: The research was conducted to evaluate the role of flunixin as selective preventative of cyclooxygenase in the emergence of breast glands cancer in mice (Wistar race). The experiment groups included a negative control group (for which salin was injected on the breast glands with sesame oil) and a positive control group (to which we injected different values of flunixin). The sample included six rats. In order to inoculate the cancer, we used a compound called DMBA. This compound was injected into the breast glands directly. Then, the entire animal breast was studied in respect to the appearance of cancer damages (weight and diameter) in breast glands and the appearance of clinical symptoms. At the end of the research, we analyzed autopsy findings and microscopy sections of tumor damages in the samples of all groups. Results: In this study, tumor’s weight and thickness decreased in medicine receiving groups, (p≤0.05), and microscopic slice of mammary tissue confirmed the microscopic findings. Conclusion: This study confirms the positive effect of the drug in treating and preventing the mammary cancer in such a way that the microscopically slices provided from breast tissues in the experimental groups (drug receiving groups) indicate that cell cancers are decreasing so that the cells tend to gain their own normal order again.

---

  Abstract

  Background and Aim: One of the most common causes of post operative morbidity is nausea and vomiting which are followed by aspiration pneumonia, dehydration, patients' delayed discharge, or electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Even though different protocols have been reported for the prevention of nausea and vomiting, it has still remained as one of the post operative problems.

  Materials and Methods : In this study, we evaluated the effects of two medications (Ondansetron and the combination of Dexametasone-Metocholopromide) on prevention of the post operative nausea and vomiting. They were prescribed with a specific dosage, half an hour prior to the patients' appendectomy procedure. The patients were evaluated 24 and 48 hours after the operation in the recovery room for any related signs and symptoms.

  Results: The Ondansetron effect on reducing the patient's nausea and vomiting has been about 30 % more than the effect of Dexametasone-metocholopromide combination.

  Conclusion: As no specific complication has been reported for Ondansetron, its favorable effects on decreasing of post operative nausea and vomiting, cost-effectiveness, and easily availability, it may be recommended to be used as an effective medication for prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting.

---

Aims: Diabetes is the source of stress for people suffering from the disease. Diabetes-related stress has numerous negative psychological effects. This study was conducted aiming at determining the role of type D personality in the effect of stress on HbAlc and cortisol secretion.

Methods: the present correlational study which was a retrospective research, was conducted in 2011 and 2012 on all women with type II diabetes, who were member of Yazd Diabetes Research Centre, 80 patients were selected by multistage cluster sampling. They completed some questionnaires including the depression scale, anxiety scale (DASS), stress as well as type D personality questionnaires. Then, their fasting blood was tested and the effect of stress and personality type on HbAlc and cortisol level was evaluated. Data was analyzed using SPSS 18 software and statistical tests including Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis.

Results: There were significant relationship between stress and personality type cortisol and HbAlc and cortisol and HbAlc. Based on the results of the regression analysis, stress factor by itself (p=0.001), and together with personality type (p=0.001) had effect on HbAlc. Moreover, stress factor by itself (p=0.002), and together with personality type (p=0.001) had effect on cortisol level. Stress and personality type scales explained 0.312 of the HbAlc variance and 0.28 of the cortisol variance.

Conclusion: Stress and personality type are correlated with the level of cortisol serum and HbAlc. Moreover, personality type acts in line with the increase in the impact of stress on patients with diabetes.

---

Aims: In recent years, consumption of nutrition supplements such as L-Arginine has increased in athletes in order to increase efficiency and reduce fatigue. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIT) with and without L-Arginine supplementation on anaerobic and aerobic performance in women’s futsal players. Materials & Methods: In this research study (2013), 20 healthy women futsal players in Kermanshah City, Iran, were selected by available sampling method. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups training-supplement (n=10) and training-placebo (n=10). Both groups, in addition to futsal specific training, performed RAST (anaerobic sprint test) test as high-intensity interval training protocol, 2 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Before and after the training protocol, subjects performed Bruce and RAST tests in order to measure aerobic and anaerobic power, respectively. Blood samples were collected 30 seconds after the RAST test to measure the levels of serum lactate concentration. All data were analyzed using independent T and paired T tests. Findings: After the training, both groups showed significant increasing in VO2max and anaerobic power (p<0.05) and significant decreasing in blood lactate concentrations (p<0.05) percentage of changes were greater for the first than the second group in all three factors. Conclusion: Using high-intensity interval training in combination with L-Arginine lead to improvement of aerobic and anaerobic fitness in women futsal players.

---

Aims: As one of the body elements, Iron plays a role in oxygen transport. And, the need for daily Iron increases by the exercises. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of 8-week moderate-intensity aerobic continuous exercises on the serum Iron status in club soccer-players.

Materials & Methods: In the semi-experimental study, 24 soccer-players of Khorramabad Super Clubs were studied in 2015. The subjects were selected via convenience method and were randomly divided into two groups including experimental (n=12 persons) and control (n=12 persons) groups. 8-week continuous aerobic exercises with 70-80% of maximum heart rate were conducted in experimental group, while no exercise session was conducted in control group. Serum Iron, red blood-cell number, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin were measured before and after the exercise course. Data was analyzed using dependent T test.

Findings: After 8-week exercises and in experimental group, Iron, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels significantly decreased compared to the pretest stage (p<0.05). Nevertheless, the total Iron-binding capacity, red blood-cell number, and hemoglobin did not significantly change (p<0.05).

Conclusion: 8-week moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercises reduce Iron, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels in the club soccer-players.

---

Aims: The emotional schema model emphasizes on evaluation and interpretation of emotions and emotion regulation strategies. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) on decrease of Post-event rumination and cognitive avoidance in people with clinical symptoms of social anxiety.
Materials & Methods: This is a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group. For this purpose, 32 students with clinical symptoms of social anxiety were screened with the cut-off point of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and clinical interviews and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The Post Event Processing Questionnaire (PEPQ) and Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ) were used to collect data in two conditions (pretest and posttest). Experimental group experienced 10 weeks of emotional schema therapy, while the control group received no treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (ver 23) and Multivariate Analysis Of Covariance (MANCOVA).
Findings: The average of post-event rumination and cognitive avoidance were reduced in the experimental group in posttest. After controlling the effect of pre-test scores, there were significant differences between the test and control groups in terms of all variables (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Emotional Schema Therapy due to the emphasis on the role of the individual beliefs and strategies about emotions can be used as an effective intervention in order to reduce symptoms of social anxiety, for example the Post-event rumination and cognitive avoidance in the people with clinical symptoms of social anxiety.