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Background and Aim: children Sexual behavior can cause uncertainty among clinicians due to relationship between sexual abuse and sexual behaviors. Concequently, it is important to understand normal childhood sexual behaviors. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The samples were 57 boys and 57 girls that their mothers referred to health and treatment centers of Gonabad city .To collect the data two questionnaires were used that contained demographic information and a check list about children sexual behaviors. Results: The results showed that the most talks of girls on normal sexual behaviors was about child birth, mothers breast, touch differentiation between girls and boys and Doctor- roleplaying respectively, but in boys it was Doctor-role playing, sex parts touch, child birth and parents lonely sleeping . 23.7% of mothers expressed that they change the topic of the conversation when they encounter with child sexual questions and 8.1% stated that they punish their child in these cases.41.6% of mothers also told that they say “ you will understand as soon as you grow up “ . The others ( 25.9% ) replied that they tell the correct response to the child . Conclusion:The results showed normal sexual behaviors were different and performance of mothers were poor about sexual behavior in children .Then it is necessary to teach and inform the mothers.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Marriage is the most important decision in life and 95% of the people marry during their life. Common life was influenced by different variables. These variables cause wife and her husband to be satisfied or unsatisfied from their life. The purpose of this study was the comparison of marriage satisfaction in housewives and employed women and their husbands in Gonabad. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytic study. Data collection was performed in two stages. At first stage cluster sampling and at second stage simple random sampling was done and 25 housewives copples and 25 employed women copples were studied. The data was collected by demographic information and Enrich questionnaire and were evaluated by using of t test and ANOVA and linear regression. Results: The mean of satisfaction score in employed women and their husbands was 3.6 and in housewives and their husbands were 3.7 with no significant difference between them. There was no significant difference between satisfaction and education levels in the two groups but it was significant between satisfaction and income in men,and between satisfaction and age of marriage in women.There was a significant difference in marriage satisfaction between employed women and housewives after a time of marriage(P=0.02). Conclusion: There are variables which influence on married life satisfaction on men and women that these variables must be recognized.

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Background and Aim: Working and employment are chief portion of human social life that can create stress in individual and in turn they will cause dissatisfaction, leaving profession and providing incorrect services to clients. Because of the importance of nursing and midwifery profession this study was carried out to determine profession stressor factors in nursing and midwifery community in Gonabad city. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was to rank professional stressor factors. The Subjects were all nurses and midwives of Gonabad Medical University hospitals. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and in order to analyse them we used t-test and 2. Results: The results of this study showed that among professional stressor factors, economic factor had the first rank of stressor factors with 91.5% mean score. And among aspects of stressor factors, low incomes (with 90.67% of mean stress score), work difficult conditions (with 88% of mean stress score) and inadequate personnel (with 87.67% of mean stress score) gained other levels of stress factors in the study subjects respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is important for managers of hospitals to notice nursing and midwives low income and the difficult conditions of their profession. In this way they can reduce stressor factors among them and in turn it will cause satisfaction and increase in quality of patients cares that finally bring us community health promotion.

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Background and Aim: The “nil by mouth” policy of women during labor is an unnecessary medical intervention however no science evidence has supported it. Up to now the finding from trials, which examined the effecting during labor on birth outcomes, does not provide convincing evidence to change practice. Changing policy NPO for women during labor require many trials. This study examined the effect of food intake during the first stage of labor on maternal and fetal outcomes in the low-risk pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial which was done in 22 Bahman hospital in Gonabad. 180 low-risk pregnant women in active phase of labor randomly were assigned to either an intervention or usual care group. Women in the intervention group (n=87) were selected and received one of the three diets (three dates and water or three dates and tea or 110 cc of orange juice) during the active phase of labor. Conversely, the control group (n=90) underwent fasting. Results: The second phase of labor duration was smaller than that of the control (p=0.047). The incidence of vomiting and active stage labor length were unaffected by food intake. Conclusion: The intake of carbohydrate foods during labor cause the reduction of the second stage of labor duration in spit of lack of accelerated vomiting incidence.

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Background and Aim: There are so many events and physiologic phenomena in human life that are very natural such as birth and death. But these natural phenomena can be affected by pathologic processes for the control of which health and treatment cares will be necessary. This study is intended in comprehension of labored women’s experience in natural cares possibilities for this physiologic phenomenon. Materials and Methods: In this study, the phenomenology method was used. The participants were selected from the first labored women who had vaginal labor without any complication in 22 Bahman Hospital, Gonabad, Iran. Sampling was done based on the research aim and the data were collected by semi-structured and open interviews with the participants who were 10 women based on data saturation. Colaizz3i seven–step stage analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: The interview transcripts of the participants were analyzed and the significant codes were derived from them, then the codes were classified into three main themes and sub-themes groups that are: 1. Environment (noise, patient’s privacy, and environment color), 2. Assuring the labor (from laborer support and midwife skills), and 3. Routine techniques (serum therapy, bed rest, vaginal examinations, amniotomy, and fasting). Conclusion: Today, we should not only concentrate on the patients’ interests, pains, difficulties and health instead of modern tools and techniques and the affairs such as economy, efficiency and cost reduction but also regard women’s real experience for creating new methods of maternal health cares. According to the research findings, it seems necessary to consider and prepare both privacy and a safe and proper environment for labor. The women should be supported by midwifery personnel and their labor should be explained in a simple way and in a real form to them. Some unnecessary interventions such as complete bed rest, IV line, frequent vaginal examinations, early amniotomy and NPO should be avoided. It is hoped that labor experience change into a fantastic and positive experience for the mothers since this will lead to a decrease both in caesarian and its complications and will also lead to successful breastfeeding.

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Age of natural menopause and compare The incidence of its complications in menopause transition stages in women from Gonabad city Background and Objective: Menopause is a sign of the end of the reproductive capacity of women that It is caused by the permanent cessation of ovarian function and it Is a gradual process that Occurs for many women between the ages of 47 and 55 years, It has numerous side effects. This study was conducted to determine the age of natural menopause and compare The incidence of its complications in menopause transition stages in women from Gonabad city. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 1389 on the 398 women aged 40-55 from Gonabad city, Sampling was a stratified random. Inclusion criteria included: willingness to participate in the study - aged between 40-55 years - residing in Gonabad city, lack of physical illness, mental therapy, surgical removal of ovaries and uterus and no history of artificial menopause .The research instrument was a standard questionnaire(Greene Climacteric Scale). Data were analyzed by using spss software version 14 and Descriptive statistics, chi-square, t-student, ANOVA and Pearson Test. The level of statistical significance was p<0.05. Results: The results showed that 61.3% subjects were married, 3% unmarried, 2% divorced, 31.9% widows. The mean of weight was 61.94 ± 10.15, height 158.31 ± 5.6 cm, and BMI 24.65 ± 3.77. 30.2% were living in urban and 69.8% in rural areas. 95.2% were housewives, 1.8 workers, 2.3% employee, 0.3% retired and 0.5% domestic jobs. The mean of age 47.43 ± 4.37 years, Menarche age 13.56 ± 1.56 years and age of last menstrual period 45.93 ± 3.66 years. 10.3% subjects had a last menstrual Age less than 40 years and 89.7% more than 40 years. In the present study, the mean and median age of menopause was achieved 69/3 ± 34/46 و 4765.2% menopause women had at least one of the early complications of menopause. Nervousness was the most common complications of menopause (56%) and dizziness was lowest complication (20.4%). In pre-menopausal group, nervousness and headache, in Peri menopausal group joint pain and hot flashes, and in post menopausal group hot flashes and joint pain, respectively, as the most common side effects were reported. Conclusion: Age of menopause in this study is lower than other studies and early complications of menopause were high. With proper planning in order to correct the modifiable factors can increase the Age of natural menopause and reduce complications caused from it.

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Aims: In traditional medicine, dill (Anethum graveolens) is known as the reducer of glucose, lipid and cholesterol. Physical exercises are also from the main methods of controlling and treating diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of swimming exercises for 6 weeks, hydroalcoholic extracts of Anethum graveolens and their combination on lipid profile of diabetic rats.

Materials & Methods: In this experimental research, 48 Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly chosen and were divided into 4 groups (swimming training, hydroalcoholic extracts of dill, swimming exercises with hydroalcoholic extracts of dill, control), one week after induction of diabetes. Interventions were 6 weeks (5 sessions per week for 30min per session) of swimming exercises and intraperitoneal daily usage of 100mg/kg hydroalcoholic extracts of dill. After that, blood sampling was done from all samples to analyze the lipid profiles. Data was analyzed by dependent T, one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.

Findings: Using hydroalcoholic extracts of dill, swimming exercises and their combination for 6 weeks had significant effect on reduction of LDL, VLDL, TG and Cholesterol of diabetic rats (p=0.001). Swimming exercises plus extract usage had more decreasing effect on LDL (p=0.008) and cholesterol (p=0.01) than extract usage alone had. In addition, The combination treatment had more increasing effect on HDL than just extract (p=0.001) and just exercise (p=0.01) had.

Conclusion: Although 6 weeks of swimming exercises and usage of hydroalcoholic extracts of dill improves the lipid profile of diabetic rats, their combination treatment method is more effective.

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Aims: Monthly breast self-examination (BSE) is one method for early detection of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior in promoting BSE of women in Gonabad, IRAN.
Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial study, 140 married women aged 20–49 years from Gonabad were chosen randomly and divided into control and experimental groups. Educational needs were determined and the curriculum was developed and presented in 5 sessions. BSE behavior was studied using the constructs of planned behavior theory before, immediately and 3 months after training. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20, using  ANOVA, T-test student, Chi-square and multivariate analysis of variance and significant level was set at α=05.0
Findings: The mean age of the subjects was 37.27 ± 6.69 years. After intervention, the average score of BSE skill increased from 17.89 to 18.26 and the mean scores of theoretical constructs in the intervention group increased significantly (P<0.001). The effect of the educational intervention was evaluated three months later, but changes were not significant in the control group (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior was effective in promoting BSE behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that educational interventions to be designed specifically for and consistent with the constructs of the theory of planned behavior.
 

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Aims: Stress is one of the significant factors contributing to the onset, exacerbation, and recurrence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) that imposes high costs on society and people. The present study aims to assess the role of spiritual intelligence, sense of coherence, and cognitive flexibility (internal resources) in predicting perceived stress in patients with MS.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive/correlational study, 156 patients with MS were selected as samples using a convenience sampling method. The participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (stepwise regression analysis) in SPSS v. 24.
Findings: Transcendental awareness (a component of SISRI), meaningfulness (a component of SOC), and perception of controls and alternatives (components of CFI) predicted perceived stress in MS patients.
Conclusion: In stress management program, internal resources education can help reduce perceived stress in patients with MS.