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Background and Aim: Tuberclusis is a chronic diseases which can be seen in pulmounary and extrapulmonary forms. This disease can causes granolumatosis reaction and caseose necrosis. The common form of extrapulmonary form is cervical lymphadenitis that mostly occur in posterior neck trigle which can make dermal fisula dignosis is done by neddle asprition, smear, culture and biopsy. This study carried out for determing of incidence of granolumatosis lymphadenitis in head and neck and relation with the results of Zeihl-Nelson staining. Materials and Methods: This discriptive and cross-secitonal study was done with reffering to patological ward in 5th Azar Medical Education hospital during six years. Lymphadenitis slids of head and neck were surveyed more carfully. Results: 156 cases were determind with lymphadenitis in head and neck area. In microscopic examination, positive granolumatosis reaction, caseose necrosis and positive acid fast reaction were seen in 35, 30 and 8 cases respectively. The most patients with neck lymphadentis were in 11-20 years old group and the lowest rate were over 60 years old. The disturbiation of granolumotosis lymphadenitis were observed in 11-20, 31-40 and 41-50 age group. Conclusion: Since only 22% of the patients with granolumatosis lymphadenitis had positive acid fast reaction with Zeihl-Nelson staining and because of the high incidence of TB. We cannot rely only on results of staining. Therefore, we must start treatment patients with report of granolumatosis reaction in pathology and positive symptoms and signs.

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Background and Aim: Hemophilic patients are at risk of several blood born diseases such as viral hepatitis (A, B, C), HIV infection due to several transfusion events during their life. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of HCV infection and related viremia in hemophilic patients in our region. Materials and Methods: 80 out of 400 hemophilic patients, registered in Khorasan hemophilia Society were evaluated. The case studies were selected randomly. The second generation of ELISA kit was used for evaluating anti HCV in serum. The positive ELISA results were confirmed using Western Blot method. Viremia was evaluated using RT-PCR method in anti HCV positive patients. Results:Our results showed that 44 (55%) out of 80 were anti HCV positive, 25(56%) of whom, had viremia. Our results showed a significant relation between HCV infection with kind of hemophilia (P=0.044) and it's severity (P=0.033). Conclusion: As the prevalence of HCV infection in our study group was high, screening of all hemophilic patients for HCV infection is recommended. Based on the results, the evaluation of viremia in HCV infected patients is advised too.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Epidemiological studies have been revealed that there is a relationship between hardness of water and prevalence of CVD. Therefore this study has been planned to determine the influence of local mineral water on blood pressure in hypertensive men. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 41 middle age men with hypertension (488) were matched based on age, BMI, WHR, drug, smoking, and duration of the disease and randomly selected in a First and second groups. Respectively, mineral and usual tap waters were given to first and second groups 2 liters per day for 8 weeks. Blood pressures of subjects were calculated by barometer at the 1st, 4th and 8th weeks of experiment. Wilcoxon, Mann-Whiney and t-test were used for statistical analysis of the results. Dietary intakes of subjects were determined by using 24 hours recall questionnaire at the 1st, 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment and were analyzed by Nutritionist III program, which is modified with Iranian Food Data Bank. Results: The mean SBP in first and second groups were after 4 weeks 131.09.98 and 136.18.65 mmHg, respectively. The experiment has showed a significant reduction in 4th week 13.53% in first and 5.64% in second groups (P=0.001). The difference between the groups were statistical significant (P<0.05). SBP reduction in both groups did not show statistical significant after 8th weeks between the groups. The mean DBP in first and second groups were 85.756.34 and 92.624.07 mmHg, respectively after 4th week of experiment with a significant reduction of 11.3% in case and 3% in control groups (P=0.001). Also significant difference in DBP was seen at 4th week of the study between the groups (P<0.05). DBP reduction in both groups did not show statistical significant difference after 8th weeks between the groups. Conclusion: According to the result, mineral spring water has a significant influence on reducing blood pressure after 4 weeks in comparison with tap water, which it could be leading to lower risk of CVD.

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Title: The relationship between serum levels of hepatic transaminase with histopathological features in patients with chronic Hepatitis B Authors: Sh. Semnani , S. Besharat , A. Jabbari , R. Azarhoosh , AA. Keshtkar , MR. Rabiei , Z. Rahmani3, N. Abdollahi , Gh. Roshandel3 Abstract Background and Aim: Continuous evaluation of serum levels of hepatic transaminases' like AST and ALT can show the severity of cellular damage in chronic hepatitis B, also it can be helpful in follow up of hepatic disease progression. This study was designed to detect the relationship and correlation between serum level of enzymes with damage ranking in liver biopsy and inflammation in hepatic cells. Materials and Methods: In this analytic-descriptive study, all blocks of liver biopsy of patients with chronic hepatitis B, taken from 2000 to the first three months of 2004 (for 5 years) in the university hospital, had been overviewed. At first, all liver samples were ranked according to histopathological features, and then were classified according to the severity of inflammation in Knodell HAI score. Based on the patients' files, AST, ALT serum level, sonography report and B hepatitis serological markers like HBeAg, HBeAb and personal identity were registered. Initially, we reviewed clinical findings and analyzed data with statistical tests. Statistical analyses were performed and P value less than 0.05 was significant. Results: We reviewed 86 hepatic biopsies. Mean severity of hepatic inflammation base on Knodell HAI score was 5.133.31.Mean AST, ALT serum level were 86.7444.93 and 105.4450.39, respectively. Serological markers for B hepatitis, HBeAb were reported positive in 53 persons (61.6%). Meanwhile 39 persons (43.3%) were positive for HBeAg. There was noticeable relationship between grading according to Knodell HAI score and qualitative ranking. There was a significant relationship between AST, ALT serum levels and Knodell HAI quantitative score, too (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that serum levels of liver enzyme like AST and ALT are suitable markers for classification of severity of hepatic inflammation but they are not useful for evaluation of prognosis of the cirrhosis. To substitute them with liver biopsy, we recommend more study.

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Background and Aim: Hepatitis B is a major problem occurred in patients with thalassemia major due to repeated blood transfusion. Regarding its acute and chronic complications (Fulminant hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Hepatic neoplasm), vaccination could be helpful in thalassemia patients. Immune suppression due to frequent blood transfusion iron blood persistent hemolytic, decreased anti-HBS-Ab level after HBV vaccination. Materials and Method: This descriptive study was performed in South Khorasan in 2007 on 38 patients with major thalassemia. All patients have received Hepatitis B vaccine. A questionnaire containing some questions about demographic characteristics was filed for all patients including: age, sex, frequency of blood transfusion in year. The blood samples of patients were tested to detect serum markers including HBS Ag, anti-HBS with ELISA method. The results were analyzed by using SPSS. Results: Of 38 patients with major thalassemia, 20 (52.6 %) were male and 18 (47.4 %) were female. Average age of patients was 9.2±4.6. 37 patients (97.4 %) have transfusion >12 time in year. All of patients were negative for HBS Ag and anti-HBC. 16 patients (42.1 %) was anti-HBS Ab positive and 22 patients (57.9 %) was anti-HBS-Ab negative. Based on the Serum levels of anti HBS-Ab, subjects were categorized as: Good responder (anti HBS> 100 IU/lit) (34.2 %) Low responder (anti-HBS 10-100 IU/lit) (23.7 %) Non responder (anti-HBS < 10 IU/lit) (42.1 %). 34/2 % of patients that over 5 years lapsed since last vaccine injection were responders. Statistical analysis has not shown significant relationship between age, sex and anti-HBS-Ab (p> 0.05) and time lapsed since last vaccination in two groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Immune response in children with thalassemia major lower than normal children and we recommended determining the antibody level after the last vaccination and if necessary, booster dose gives them.

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Aims: The increased level of Hcy is correlated with the early coronary artery disease, heart attack and Atherothrombosis even among individuals with normal levels of cholesterol and reducing the Hcy levels is correlated with the reduced incidence of heart attack. The present study was conducted aiming at investigating the effect of resistance training and detraining on tHcy and group B vitamins on obese girls.

Methods: For the purpose of this semi-experimental study, 24 individuals with a BMI greater than 30, ready to participate in the study were selected using available sampling method as the subjects of the study. They were divided into two equal experimental and control groups. The subjects of experimental group underwent 8 weeks of resistance training and 10 days of detraining. A pretest was taken before the initiation of trainings, posttest 1 after trainings and posttest 2 after detraining period. After taking of blood sample, in each stage of the test, the concentration of plasma Hcy, B₆, B₁₂ and folate vitamins, the content of fat and fat free mass were measured. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 software and ANOVA with repeated measures.

Results: Just concerning LBM, a significant increase was observed in posttest 1 results in the experimental group comparing the control group (p=0.024 F=6.192). the amount of, B₆, B₁₂ and folate vitamins revealed no difference all over the training course in experimental and control groups (p>0.05). In experimental group, power was increased significantly compared with the control group (p=0.01).

Conclusion: Implementation of 8 weeks resistance training and 10 days detraining do not influence the concentrations of plasma tHcy, vitamins B₆, B₁₂ and folate vitamins in obese girls.

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Aims: After training motor learning with one organ transfers to the other organ. Considering Carpus Callosum deficit in children with ASD, this study was aimed to investigate intermanual transfer of motor learning from right hand to left hand and vice-versa in children with ASD compared to their typical matched peers.

Method: In this randomized clinical trial study, 31 boys with ASD and typical peers were selected by purposed sampling method from Najafabad elementary schools from February to May 2011. Participants were screened using Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ). Serial reaction time task was used for group comparison. Data were entered to SPSS 19 statistical software after collection and were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA, paired T-test, and two-way ANOVA.

Results: There were no significant difference between two groups in transfer accuracy from right hand to the left (p=0.191), transfer speed from right hand to the left ( p=0.095), transfer accuracy from left hand to the right (p=0.052), and also transfer speed from left hand to the right (p=0.459).

Conclusion: Intermanual transfer of learning from right to the left hand and vice versa is intact in children with ASD.

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Abstract Aims: Hypospadias is one of the common external genitalia disorders in children. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of closed and open urine discharge care on acute complications of hypospadias after repair operation. Materials & Methods: This controlled clinical trial study was done on children admitted to the Mofid children's hospital. Sample selecting method was random. 108 selected children were divided into two experimental (open) and control (closed) groups. Acute post-operative complications (bleeding at the surgical site, fever, positive urine culture, urinary catheter removal by patient, the urinary tract fistula and urethral stricture) were compared in two groups. Findings: Among all studied subjects in 60 children (55.5%) one or more acute post-operative complications were observed. There were significant differences between the frequency of urinary catheter removal by children in two studied groups (p<0.001). There was significant difference between received Acetaminophen (p=0.005), the number of urinary catheter washing (p=0.001), those with less than normal 24hour urine discharge the (p=0.196) and fixing time of the stent catheter in the urinary tract (p=0.001) between two groups. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in acute complications in open and closed urine discharge care method. However, open urine discharge method reduces “the number of urinary catheter removal by child”.

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Aims: Nowadays, with the aim of reducing conflicts or inconsistencies between couples, different methods of couples therapy are introduced. Self-regulation couples therapy pattern is the application of self-control behavioral theory in the relationship problems. This model is a development of cognitive behavioral couples therapy and also is an attempt to provide an eclectically integrated framework for the use of different methods of couple therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of self-regulatory brief couples therapy on reducing the couples' marital stress. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study and with the pretest-posttest model 16 couples which were referred to Golha House Health in the 6th district of Tehran City in Summer 2014 were selected by accessible sampling method and were divided to 2 experimental and control groups (each of 8 couples). The research tool was Stockholm- Tehran Marital Stress Scale (STMSS) which completed in the pretest and posttest by the samples. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS 20 software. Findings: The average score of marital stress in experimental group was significantly reduced according to control group in posttest (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Self-regulatory brief marital therapy is effective in reducing couple’s marital stress.

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Aims: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects the quality of life and mental health of the patients. There are different recommendations about doing effective exercise for diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two aerobic trainings and a detraining periods on quality of life and mental health in women with type 2 diabetes.

Materials & Methods: In this Semi-experimental research in 2011 in Sabzevar City, Iran, 33 women with type 2 diabetes in 40-60 years age range were selected purposefully and were divided into 3 groups each contain 11 samples; control, daily 5-week aerobic exercise and every other day 10-week aerobic exercise. Aerobic training was conduct with an intensity of 60-70% of maximum heart rate for 30-60min per session. The research instruments were the Quality of Life and Mental Health questionnaires. Data analyses were done in SPSS 18 software by repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.

Findings: There were significant differences between quality of life (p=0.002) and mental health (p=0.04) of training groups and control group, but two training groups were not significantly different. There were also significant differences in physical (p=0.004) and psychosocial (p=0.004) domains of quality of life between the three groups at 5- and 10-weeks after the start of the exercises.

Conclusion: Daily 5-week and every other day 10-week aerobic exercises improves mental health and quality of life in women with type 2 diabetes, but the benefits are not maintained after 2 months of detraining.

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Introduction: Iranian traditional medicine dating back to 10,000 years ago was marginalized in the last 150 years, but physicians such as Dr. Ahmadieh has maintained and used it as a source of inspiration for the treatment of many diseases including melancholy. Melancholy, a then-type of depression, is a mental illness in which the person suffers from depression, isolation, hallucination, and delirium. This systematic review aimed to examine Dr. Ahmadieh’s views and experiences on melancholy treatment and compare them with Iranian traditional medicine literature. Materials and Methods: First, through a comprehensive search strategy, Dr. Ahmadieh’s books and the relevant Iranian traditional medicine literature were investigated and compared. Then, eight English and Persian databases, of Ovid MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus, Google Scholar, ISC, MEDLIB, Magiran, Gang, and SID were searched by combining MeSH and non-MeSH term searches. Relevant studies were identified and retrieved after screening and the reference lists were carefully scanned. Finally, after extracting the data, the narrative synthesis of all results was performed in line with the objectives of the review. Results: Melancholy is one of the oldest terms in history of psychiatry that has been replaced with depression. In line with foundations of Iranian traditional medicine, Dr. Ahmadieh believes that increased or abnormal melancholy (black bile) is the cause of the melancholy. This disease has been classified into three groups, in accordance with DSM-5 criteria. Treatment of melancholy is based on six principles of health (including the nasal discharge stimulation and drainage, and relieving constipation) and its specific treatments are different depending on its class and cause. Conclusion: Dr. Ahmadieh’s experiences in treating diseases have the potential to be used as a complementary treatment or an alternative to standard treatments of conventional medicine, and worth being considered by researchers, clinicians, and health system policymakers. However, it is essential that the effectiveness of these traditional treatments be examined through reliable trials and be applied if they are evidence-based.

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Aims: One of the drug resistant organisms in the worldwide hospitals is Acinetobacter baumannii. The aim of this study was to investigate the expansion of drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus population, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pan-drug resistant (PDR) strains, and the ability of carbapenemases production, as well as to determine imipenem MIC in its isolates.

Materials & Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 48 samples of the patients hospitalized in different wards of the hospitals in Shiraz were collected and cultured on clinical microbiological media during 10 months from July 2014 to April 2015. Specific non-fermentative bacteria API 20NE system and biochemical tests were used to confirm the isolates finally. Based on CLSI 2014 protocol, disc diffusion method was used to investigate the antibiotic sensibility. Modified hodge test was used to determine the strains producing carbapenemases enzymes. E-test method was used to determine imipenem MIC.

Findings: All the isolates were sensitive to coloistin antibiotic. None of the isolate answered carbapenemases (ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem). Beside multi-drug resistant characteristics, all the isolates were with expanded drug resistant characteristics. However, there was no pan-drug resistant isolate. Levels of sensitivity to minocycline and ampicillin-sulbactam were 14.3 and 10.7%, respectively. Phenotypic modified Hodge test was positive in all the isolates. Imipenem MIC was higher than 32 units in all the isolates. 

Conclusion: Combined drug regimens are effective on the treatments of XDR and MDR Acinetobacter strains.

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Aims: The high concentration of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α) is an important risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and the use of flaxseed oil with different doses on the serum levels of TNF-α and IL1β in rats.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, training, 10mg/kg supplement, 30mg/kg supplement, training with 10mg/kg supplement and training with 30mg/kg supplement. The groups performed High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) for 10 weeks and received flaxseed oil extracts. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test.
Findings: Serum levels of IL1β in the training group and training groups with doses of 10 and 30mg/kg of extract were significantly lower than the control group. Serum levels of IL1β in the training group with 30mg/kg of extract, was significantly lower than group with 10mg/kg of extract. Also, serum levels of TNF-α in the training group, training groups with doses of 10 and 30mg/kg of extract and group with 30mg/kg of extract were significantly lower than the control group. Serum levels of TNF-α in the training group with 30mg/kg of extract were significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and consumption of flaxseed oil for 10 weeks
have interactive effects on reduction of serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in rats.
 
 

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Aims: Imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system leads to oxidative stress. In addition, plants can reduce stress-induced oxidative damage. In this study we evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise with cinnamon intake on serum oxidative capacity in active women.
Materials & Methods: 28 female students of physical education with age range 30-20 years, and the average BMI 22/71 kg/m² were voluntarily selected and randomly divided to 5 groups: 1) aerobic exercise 2) aerobic exercise combined with cinnamon 3) aerobic exercise with placebo 4 ) cinnamon and 5) control group. Intensity aerobic exercise was performed for 6 weeks within 65-80% of maximum heart rate and formula was 220-age. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study and the significance level was set at (p<0.05).
Findings: TAC ( Total Antioxidant Capacity), uric acid and bilirubin in the aerobic exercise group with cinnamon consumption showed no significant difference (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Probably sports activities with 65-80% of maximal oxygen consumption intensity more than 6 weeks with the consumption of cinnamon can improve the TAC level in active women.

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Aims: The present study intends to study the effect of volunteering exercises during adolescence on testosterone and corticosterone levels in male rats following childhood stress.

Materials &methods: In the present study, 36 male rats were selected as subjects and separated from their mothers from 2 to 14 days for 180 minutes. Then, to determine the experimental and control groups, on the 21st day, these randomly assigned random variables were divided into 3 groups. The groups included control, with stress separated from the mother, a wheel of two rodents. The first group experienced maternal separation from 2 to 14 days, and the control group was kept from the beginning with the mother. The training groups also started volunteering on the 21st birthday. The testosterone and cortisol levels of all groups were measured and the data were statistically analyzed by T and ANOVA methods at a significant level (P< 0.05).

Findings: The results showed that maternal stress severity significantly increased cortisol levels and decreased testosterone levels. On the other hand voluntary exercise, in comparison with the stress group, has increased testosterone levels and significantly reduced cortisol levels.

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that exercise, especially voluntary exercise, during adolescence, reduced stress and decreased depression and anxiety behaviors in adulthood.

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Aims: Plantago major is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hydro – alcoholic extract of Plantago major on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.
Materials & Methods: 72 male Wistar rats were used in this experimental study. In treatment groups, animals received indomethacin (35 mg/kg) as single dose for induces stomach ulcer, then rats were gavaged by ranitidine (50 mg/kg) and different doses of the extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) for 3 days. In preventive groups, animals were treated by ranitidine and different doses of extract for 3 days, and then indomethacin was gavaged on 4th day for stomach ulcer induction. Gastric mucosal damage and acid secretion were evaluated 6 hours later. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA.
Findings: Acid secretion significantly decreased in therapeutic group that received 200 mg/kg dose of the extract and in preventive groups that received different doses of the extract (p<0.05). Also macroscopic results showed all doses of extract in preventive groups and 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg doses of extract in therapeutic groups significantly decreased ulcer index (p<0.05, p<0.01).
Conclusion: Hydro – alcoholic extract of Plantago major can protect the gastric mucosa against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer, via decreasing of gastric acid secretion.
 

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Aims In chronic and incurable illnesses, the quality of life and its related factors are of significant importance. We aimed to investigate the predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive individuals.
Methods & Materials Our sample included 90 HIV-infected individuals who were under Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran, Iran, in 2016-2017. The HRQoL questionnaire, Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) interview, and flowcytometry test to assess CD4 count were used for data gathering. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency and standard deviation and inferential statistics, including correlation and stepwise regression analyses. SPSS was used for data analysis, as well.
Findings The present study data revealed that prospective/retrospective memory complaint and daily living functioning were predictors HRQoL in individuals with HIV (P<0.001, F2,85=22.70, R2 adj=0.55). The collected data also suggested that CD4 count, viral load, gender, age, and education did not predict HRQoL in the explored HIV-positive individuals (P>0.05). 
Conclusion Prospective and retrospective memory and daily living functioning were the major predictors of HRQoL among the investigated HIV-infected individuals.

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