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Background and Aim: There is some concern that drugs abuse treatment may actually pose a risk toward unhealthy eating and weight gain. Dysfunctional eating patterns and excessive weight gains have been observed during recovery from drug and alcohol addictions. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a selected physical activity on some anthropometric variables (weight, BMI, and WHR), blood lipids, lipoproteins and Vo2max of subjects who have quitted abusing drugs after one year. Materials and Methods: The population of this study were the former addicted persons who had one-year quitting history in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari province. 37 subjects who were 23-49 years old and voluntarily participated in this study were assumed as samples. The subjects were randomized at approximately 1:1 ratio under the supervision of a project investigator (case group 18 persons and control group 19 persons), but 31 individuals completed the entire study 16 persons were in case group and 15 persons were in control group. Exercise consisted primarily of some plays such as badminton playing, walking, and so on. Exercise duration ranged from 20 minutes at the baseline to 45 minutes at the end of 12 weeks and intensity of exercise ranged from 50% of heart rate reserve of baseline to 70 % during 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed using the sum of three skin-fold measurement specific for males (chest, abdomen, and thigh) (ACSM 2000). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were measured enzymatically using diagnostic kits. Results: There was a significant decrease in weight (p=0.002), BMI (p=0.001), WHR (p=0.004), Ch (p=0.009), HDL (p=0.045) and LDL (p=0.002) in the case group but no significant decrease was found in VLDL (p=0.09) and TG (p=0.544). Conclusion: One of the reasons for weight gain is because of the fact that nicotine and drugs speed up body metabolism. It is postulated that for these measurements, weight increase is inevitable. Exercise without changes in diet produced significant reduction in weight gain and an increase in BMI (p<0.01). It appears that physical activity and exercise can prevent or manage overweight after quitting drugs and smoking.

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  Abstract

  Background and Aim: Available evidence shows that religious attitudes have noticeable effects on all aspects of human life. During the last decades, empirical examining of happiness has increased by sociologists and psychologists. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between religious attitude and happiness in medical students in Shiraz university of medical sciences.

  Materials and Methods: The research is a cross-sectional descriptive study which was done in 2008-2010. Our subjects were selected randomly. The data were collected through Khodayarifard religious attitude scale and Oxford happiness inventory. The sample consisted of 271 medical students (164 males and 107 females). The obtained data were analyzed via Pearson correlation and t-test (for independent groups) .

  Results: The mean age of students was 20.4 years and the standard deviation was 3. The mean score of happiness, religious attitude in males and females was 47.54, 46.77 and 96.83, 103.16, respectively. There was a significant relationship between happiness and religious attitude (P = 0.0001, r=0.256), age and happiness (P = 0.004, r=-0.241), age and religious attitude (P = 0.018, r=-0.198).

  Conclusion: The results shows that in addition to the significant relationship between religious attitude and happiness, the relationship between age and religious attitude and happiness is significant, too.

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Background and Aim: Early dysmenorrhea is a painful menstruation which happens without any pelvic pathological disorder and about 80% of women experience it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic exercise trainings and detraining on the severity of dysmenorrhea and the amount of menstrual blood flow in non-athlete students. Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental in which sixty subjects were selected from students of Lorestan universities. After evaluating health status, early dysmenorrhea diagnosis and severe menstrual blood flow, the subjects were randomly divided into two equal control and exercise groups. The experimental group participated in an eight-week aerobic exercise training, three sessions per week. The severity of dysmenorrhea and the amount of menstrual blood flow were measured before and after exercise training and also after 48 days of detraining. Repeated measures of ANOVA and Cochran Q were used to analyze data. Results: The aerobic exercise training significantly decreased early dysmenorrhea and menstrual blood flow in experimental group (p=0.001), but the positive effect of aerobic exercise training on the dysmenorrhea and menstrual blood flow was totally disappeared after 48 days of detraining (p=0.000). Conclusion: It seems that performing regular aerobic exercise training can be used as a preventing, treating or supplementary treating method in control of the early dysmenorrhea and the severe menstrual blood flow in non-athlete students.

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Aims: This study aimed to assess the effect of educational program based on health belief model regarding safe childbirth on selected delivery mode among pregnant women.

Material and methods: In this field trial 100 pregnant women had participated who were selected by cluster sampling method from several community health centers in Gonabad city. The subjects randomly allocated to one of intervention or control group. Intervention group received an educational program regarding safe childbirth based on health belief model. Control group received routine educations provided in community health centers. All subjects fulfilled the health belief, self-efficacy questionnaires and detected the mode of delivery before and one month after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 considering p<0.5 as statistically significant.

Findings: Results showed that the mean and SD of age and gestational age of subjects were 27.38 ± 3.32 and 24.26± 4.35, respectively. One month after intervention two group were statically difference in term of Knowledge about modes of delivery (p<0.0001), perceived self-efficacy (p=0.047), perceived sensivity (p=0.001), perceived severity (p<0.0001), and perceived benefits (p=0.010). There was no difference between two groups in perceived barriers (p=0.404). Vaginal delivery were chosen more in intervention group (p=0.003).

Conclusion: The educational programs based on health belief model improve the selection of vaginal delivery mode among pregnant women. We recommended using of health belief model for educational program in pregnant women.