Aims: Pain is a complex sensation that affects the spirit and psychological status and in many cases, using the different drugs for pain relief is required. This study aimed to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa root in reducing acute and chronic pain induced by formalin in adult male rats.

Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were used that were divided into 5 8membered groups of control, rein, test 1, test 2 and test 3. To cause pain, 0.5ml of 2.5% formalin was injected to the foot of animals subcutaneously . The control group went only under the formalin test. Half an hour before the injection of formalin, the rein group received 1ml of saline and test groups 1, 2 and 3 received doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg of alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa roots, respectively. Obtained data was analyzed by using SPSS 18 software and ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.

Results: 100 (1.762 ± 0.133) and 200mg/kg (1.550 ± 0.132) of body weight doses of alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa root caused a significant reduction of pain in acute phase in comparison to the control group and 200mg/kg (1.225 ± 0.054) dose of body weight caused a significant reduction of pain in chronic phase in comparison to the control group (1.822 ± 0.114).

Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of Brassica rapa root is useful in pain reducing dose-dependently and time-dependently.

Aims: Chemical compouds of Echium amoenum extract is effective in the treatment of anxiety. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of aqueous extract of Echium amoenum with Buspirone which is widely used in treatment of anxiety disorders.

Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 80 adult male rats were divided randomly into 2 parts of acute and chronic treatment each part with 5 groups (each 8 mice) including control (without treatment), sham (recieving strilled water as drug solvent) and 3 experimental groups which received Buspirone, Echium amoenum hydroalcoholic extract and Buspirone+Echium amoenum hydroalcoholic extract. All treatments were performed for 7 days in acute and for 14 days in chronic group. Cruciate-maze test was used to measure anxiety and the time and frequency of rats' presence in the open and closed levers of the maze were recorded. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 software using one-sided ANOVA and Tukey's statistical tests.

Findings: In acute groups, the means level of anxiety in Echium amoenum (p<0.001), Buspirone (p<0.0001) and Buspirone+Echium amoenum (p<0.0001) groups were reduced significantly compared to the control group, but the anti-anxiety effect of Echium amoenum was significantly less than Buspirone and Buspirone+Echium amoenum. In chronic groups, the means level of anxiety were reduced in all experimental groups compared to the control group (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Buspirone and Echium amoenum extract both cause the reduction of anxiety level and the effect of Echium amoenum increase by increasing the time of treatment period