Ms A. Kooshki, Ms A. Aminpour, Dr. M. Azar, Volume 12, Issue 2 (7-2006)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aim: Epidemiological studies have been revealed that there is a relationship between hardness of water and prevalence of CVD. Therefore this study has been planned to determine the influence of local mineral water on blood pressure in hypertensive men. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 41 middle age men with hypertension (488) were matched based on age, BMI, WHR, drug, smoking, and duration of the disease and randomly selected in a First and second groups. Respectively, mineral and usual tap waters were given to first and second groups 2 liters per day for 8 weeks. Blood pressures of subjects were calculated by barometer at the 1st, 4th and 8th weeks of experiment. Wilcoxon, Mann-Whiney and t-test were used for statistical analysis of the results. Dietary intakes of subjects were determined by using 24 hours recall questionnaire at the 1st, 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment and were analyzed by Nutritionist III program, which is modified with Iranian Food Data Bank. Results: The mean SBP in first and second groups were after 4 weeks 131.09.98 and 136.18.65 mmHg, respectively. The experiment has showed a significant reduction in 4th week 13.53% in first and 5.64% in second groups (P=0.001). The difference between the groups were statistical significant (P<0.05). SBP reduction in both groups did not show statistical significant after 8th weeks between the groups. The mean DBP in first and second groups were 85.756.34 and 92.624.07 mmHg, respectively after 4th week of experiment with a significant reduction of 11.3% in case and 3% in control groups (P=0.001). Also significant difference in DBP was seen at 4th week of the study between the groups (P<0.05). DBP reduction in both groups did not show statistical significant difference after 8th weeks between the groups. Conclusion: According to the result, mineral spring water has a significant influence on reducing blood pressure after 4 weeks in comparison with tap water, which it could be leading to lower risk of CVD.
Nader Aghakhani, Bahram Ghaderi, Vahid Alinezhad, Rahim Baghaei, Mohammad Hazrati, Volume 29, Issue 1 (12-2022)
Abstract
Aims Enoxaparin is a subcutaneous anticoagulant that has some side effects, including bruising and pain at the injection site. The incidence of the side effects can prevent the patient from continuing the treatment. Since one of the most important duties of nurses is the safe and low-complication injection of drugs, such as enoxaparin, this study aimed to examine the effect of the duration of enoxaparin subcutaneous injection on the intensity of pain and the incidence of bruising, as well as the size of it, in injection site among patients with myocardial infarction. Materials & Methods This semi-experimental research was conducted on 56 patients treated with enoxaparin and hospitalized in the cardiac care unit of Shahid Madani Medical Training Center in Tabriz, Iran, in 2021. After an initial convenience sampling, the samples were divided into 2 groups by random allocation. Enoxaparin injections were done in all patients by the researcher. The injection was done within 10 and 30 s for the control and experimental groups, respectively. The intensity of pain was measured by a numerical pain rating scale immediately after each injection, and the incidence and size of bruising were assessed with a transparent ruler in square millimeters 48 hours after each injection. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS V. 22 at a significance level of 0.05. Findings In the present study, the mean scores of pain intensity (P=0.0001), the incidence of bruising (P=0.029), and the size of the injection site bruise (P=0.044) were significantly lower in enoxaparin injection within 30 s than 10 s. Conclusion: Due to the significant reduction in pain intensity and the incidence and size of bruises after increasing the duration of enoxaparin subcutaneous injection and, therefore, the improvement of the quality of care and reduction of the unpleasant and stressful experiences of patients, it is suggested to increase the duration of injection to 30 s.
