Showing 14 results for Resistance Training
Dr. Alireza Hosseini Kakhk, Ms. Mitra Khademosharie, Ms. Tayebe Amiriparsa, Ms Zohre Davarzani,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (7-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Overweight is associated with hormonal and inflammation changes. The acute effect of circuit resistance exercise on these inflammation factors in the obese persons and particularly in girls has almost been overlooked. The purpose of the present study was to examine the response of plasma leptin and CRP to one session of resistance exercise in over-weight girls.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 10 healthy over-weight girls (age average: 20.44±1.5 years old, height: 160±4.8 cm., weight: 69±6.5 kg., BMI≥26.5 kg/m2, and fat percent: 37.3±3.6) were selected. Incremental circuit resistance training included 10 stations and three circles for which the subjects were trained with 40, 50, and 60 percent of 1RM, respectively. The rest between the stations and circles was 30 seconds and 2-3 minutes, respectively. The blood sample was taken before and immediately after training. One week later, the same samples were taken under similar conditions without training. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software V.11.0 and the data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: Exercise did not cause a significant change on the plasma level of leptin (P=0.63), C-Reactive Protein (P=0.22) and red blood sell (P=0.64). However, exercise significantly increased white blood sell (P<0.05), and decreased hematocrit (P<0.05) and mean corpuscular volume (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Executing exercise with higher intensity and periods and higher energy expenditure and/or exercising in fasting state can probably create more desirable changes in these variables which could be considered in future studies.
Alireza Hosseini Kakhk , Marzie Sadat Azarnive , Tayebe Amiri Parsa, Amirhossein Haghgighi, Mitra Khademolsharieh,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (2-2013)
Abstract
Aims: The increased level of Hcy is correlated with the early coronary artery disease, heart attack and Atherothrombosis even among individuals with normal levels of cholesterol and reducing the Hcy levels is correlated with the reduced incidence of heart attack. The present study was conducted aiming at investigating the effect of resistance training and detraining on tHcy and group B vitamins on obese girls.
Methods: For the purpose of this semi-experimental study, 24 individuals with a BMI greater than 30, ready to participate in the study were selected using available sampling method as the subjects of the study. They were divided into two equal experimental and control groups. The subjects of experimental group underwent 8 weeks of resistance training and 10 days of detraining. A pretest was taken before the initiation of trainings, posttest 1 after trainings and posttest 2 after detraining period. After taking of blood sample, in each stage of the test, the concentration of plasma Hcy, B6, B12 and folate vitamins, the content of fat and fat free mass were measured. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 software and ANOVA with repeated measures.
Results: Just concerning LBM, a significant increase was observed in posttest 1 results in the experimental group comparing the control group (p=0.024 F=6.192). the amount of, B6, B12 and folate vitamins revealed no difference all over the training course in experimental and control groups (p>0.05). In experimental group, power was increased significantly compared with the control group (p=0.01).
Conclusion: Implementation of 8 weeks resistance training and 10 days detraining do not influence the concentrations of plasma tHcy, vitamins B6, B12 and folate vitamins in obese girls.
Khalilolah Monikh, Majid Kashef, Ahmad Azad, Aghaali Ghasemnian,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Aims: Leptin is a polypeptide that is correlated with body weight changes and energy consumption and affected by exercise training. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 6 weeks resistance training on body composition, serum leptin and muscle strength in non-athletic men. Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental trial, 22 non-athletes male living in dormitory of Zanjan University, who were enrolled in 2011-12 academic year were selected with purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n=12) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group performed training program based on the protocol of Kramer and Ratns for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week). At the beginning and end of the research, muscle strength, body composition and serum leptin were measured. Serum leptin was measured by ELISA. Independent T and paired T tests were used to analysis the data in SPSS 16 software. Findings: After 6 weeks of strength training, changes in serum leptin levels and body composition (fat mass without fat) between the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). But in experimental group, the upper and lower body strength training was significantly increased compared with pre-test in control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that no significant changing in serum leptin levels after a period of resistance training is due to no changing in body fat and not enough exercise, but this training cause in increasing muscle strength.
Mohammad Esmaei Afzalpour, Seyed Hosein Abtahi Eivari, Azam Rezazadeh, Amin Soluki,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Aims: Intense exercise damages tissues and disturb some cellular processes through oxidative stress and antioxidants can modulate intense exercise-induced oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Ziziphus jujube supplements on the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum after a single session of resistance training. Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 young non-athletes females were purposefully selected and were randomly divided into two groups Ziziphus jujube consumption+intensive resistance exercise and intensive resistance exercise. The first group received 0.4g/kg of body weight of Ziziphus jujube daily for 3 weeks, but another group prohibited from Ziziphus jujube consumption. Both groups carried out a session of intensive resistance exercise consisting of 5 movements at 90% of one maximum repetition. Blood samples were measured in three phases baseline, after 3 weeks of the Ziziphus jujube consumption, and after the resistance exercise session. In order to valuation the enzymes activity the enzymatic method was used. Data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA and LSD tests in SPSS 22 software. Findings: The Ziziphus jujube supplement significantly increased GPX activity (p=0.001) but it had no significant (p=0.19) influence on SOD activity. In addition, intensive resistance training significantly decreased the SOD (p=0.03) and GPX (p=0.02) activity immediately after exercise. Conclusion: Using Ziziphus jujube supplements improves the antioxidant enzyme activity of GPX, but this improvement is not likely enough to inhibit the depression of the antioxidant status after performing resistance exercise
Fatah Moradi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Aims: Physical exercise has anti-inflammatory effects. Interleukin-18 is an inflammatory cytokine and C-reactive protein is an acute phase protein. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of circulating levels of Interleukin-18 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to endurance and resistance training in inactive lean men.
Materials & Methods: In a semi-expetrimental trial study in 2011 in Boukan and Saghez Cities, Iran, 28 sedentary lean men were purposefully chosen and randomly placed at 3 groups endurance training, resistance training and control. Height, weight, body mass index, body fat percent, maximal oxygen consumption, serum levels of Interleukin-18, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (after12h fasting) were assessed prior to and after the training. Endurance training and resistance training were accomplished for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey ad hoc tests.
Findings: Serum levels of Interleukin-18 (p=0.098) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p=0.11) were similar in three groups before the training. Also, no significant differences were observed in serum levels of Interleukin-18 (p=0.159) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p=0.19) among the groups after the training.
Conclusion: The circulating levels of Interleukin-18 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein do not change following 12 weeks of endurance and resistance training in inactive lean men.
Amir Rashidlamir, Mohammad Reza Basami, Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini, Keyvan Hejazi, Seyyed Mohamad Motevalli Anberani,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract
Aims: Based on the clinical studies, there are higher myostatin gene expression and serum level in cardiovascular patients than the healthy persons. In addition, based on some studies, regular resistance exercises is in line with a reduction in the myostatin gene expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week resistance exercises on the myostatin gene expressions of myocardium in the healthy male Wistar rats.
Materials & Methods: In the experimental study, 13 male adult Wistar rats, aged 15 weeks, were divided into experimental (n=7) and control (n=6) groups. In experimental group, 8-week exercises were done as climbing up a 26-step 1-meter ladder, inclined 85°, with a sinker. (There were 3 sessions a week exercises; each session consisted of 3 sets of 5 repetitions.) 24 hours after the last exercise session and after 12-hour fasting, the rats being dissected, muscle tissue samples were prepared to assess mRNA levels. Data was analyzed in SPSS 16 software using independent T test.
Findings: After 8-week resistance exercises, there was no significant difference in the myostatin mRNA expression level in the myocardium between experimental (1.56±0.44) and control (1.94±0.55) groups (p=0.197).
Conclusion: 8-week resistance exercises leads to no significant change in the myostatin gene expression of myocardium in the healthy Wistar male rats.
Abbass Ghanbari Niaki, Sadegh Ardeshiri, Mahdi Aliakbaribaydokhty, Ayoub Saeidi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract
Aims: During recent years, consumption of nutritional supplements has become popular in the athletes to enhance muscle power, function, and hypertrophy. Since the chemical supplements cause side-effects, many experts focus on the traditional medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term circular resistance exercises with Crocus sativus Supplementation on the insulin and estradiol levels.
Materials & Methods: In the semi-experimental study, 44 untrained healthy men were selected from the students of Mazandaran University using census method in 2013. The samples were divided into four groups including “water-exercise”, “petal sweat-exercise”, “style-exercise”, and “stigma-exercise”. 2-week resistance exercises consisted of 12 stations (30 seconds with 40% of a maximum repetition per station; 5 sessions a week). 500mg Crocus sativus were daily consumed two times in the morning immediately after the exercises. Blood sampling was done before and 48 hours after the last session. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc, and dependent T tests.
Findings: There was a significant increase in the estradiol level in stigma-exercise group than water-exercise group (p=0.007). There were significant increases in the plasma estradiol concentration in each stigma-exercise and style-exercise groups after the exercises (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the mean of insulin concentrations in each group (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Circular resistance exercises with Crocus sativus supplementation lead to no change in insulin concentration. Nevertheless, consumption of the stigma of Crocus sativus flower can empower the effects of the resistance exercises and enhance estradiol.
S. Karami, A.r. Ramezani,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2016)
Abstract
Aims: The sport activity is an important factor affecting the capillary density and angiogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the most important stimulative regulators in the angiogenesis. In addition, endostatin is one of the inhibitors of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the adaptation in the responses of the angiogenesis inhibition and stimulating factors after 4-week increasing resistive exercises in the sedentary men.
Materials & Methods: In the semi-experimental study, 20 healthy and inactive male students, aged between 20 and 25 years, who were residents of Tehran University Dormitory, were studied in the first semester of the academic year 2015-16. The subjects, selected via available sampling method, were divided into two groups including experimental and control groups (n=10 per group). 4-week resistive exercises were done three sessions per week. Blood-sampling was done before and 48 hours after the last exercise session. VEGF, NO, and endostatin were then measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software using independent and dependent T tests, as well as Pearson correlation coefficient test.
Findings: In experimental group, VEGF and No significantly increased at the posttest stage than the pretest (p=0.001). Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in control group (p>0.05). In both experimental and control groups, endostatin level did not significantly increase at the posttest stage than the pretest (p>0.05). In addition, VEGF and NO were the only variables that were significantly correlated (p=0.016; r=0.82).
Conclusion: 4-week increasing resistive exercises in the sedentary men significantly affect the angiogenes stimulating factors, i. e. VEGF and NO, while such exercises do not significantly affect the angiogenesis inhibition factor, i. e. endostatin.
M. Sadeghi , A. Abbassi Daloii , S.j. Ziaolhagh ,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Abstract
Aims: Using anabolic androgenic steroids by athletes has significant side effects on sex hormones and the reproductive system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of resistance exercise and Boldenone supplements on the expression of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase genes of the testis tissue in Wistar rats.
Material & Methods: In this experimental study, thirty 12-week old male Wistar rats with the average weight of 195.00±7.94 grams were divided randomly into 5 groups; control, sham, Boldenone supplements (2mg per each kilogram of body weight), resistance exercise and Boldenone exercise. Resistance exercise program was 5 sessions of climbing the ladder each week (3 sets of 5 repeats) for 6 weeks that was started by 50% of one maximum repetition and reached 100% at the end. The level of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase genes expression were measured after the anesthesia and the removal of the testes tissue in the samples. Data was analyzed by paired T, ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests by using SPSS 22 software.
Findings: The average weight of all groups’ mice were significantly increased in week 6 comparing to the first week (p=0.0001). There was significant increasing in 5-alpha-reductase expression in Boldenone and Boldenone exercise than the control group and also in the Boldenone exercise than resistance exercise group after the intervention. There was significant increasing in aromatase gene expression in resistance exercise and Boldenone exercise groups than the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Boldenone supplement along with 6 weeks of resistance exercise increases the levels of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase genes expression in testis tissue of Wistar rats.
F. Fathollahi Shoorabeh , B. Tarverdyzadeh , S. Aminbaksahayesh ,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (9-2017)
Abstract
Aims: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women that usually begins with abnormal growth and division of different breast cells. There is some evidence that there is an inverse relationship between levels of antioxidants and the risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on some antioxidant/oxidative indexes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study, in 2014, 30 postmenopausal women with breast cancer in Khorramabad city were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental group (n=16) and control group (n=14). The experimental group performed resistance training for 8 weeks, which started from 30% 1RM (one repetition maximum) and reached 45-50% 1RM at the end of the eighth week. Blood samples were taken from subjects for the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels, 48 hours before and after the training protocol. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software using independent t-test and dependent t-test.
Findings: After performing 8 weeks of resistance training, serum levels of SOD and GPX significantly increased and MDA levels decreased significantly (p<0.05), but changes in control group were not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Resistance training for 8 weeks increases antioxidant indexes and decreases oxidative indexes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
N. Khosravi, N. Kordi,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract
Aims: Fluctuation in the homeostasis system is one of the main causes of heart attacks. Physical activity plays an important role in automatic control of the cardiovascular system. This study aimed at investigating the effect of one period of resistance training on some fibrinolytic factors in active young men.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 young male athletes belonging to a gym in Qom, Iran were selected through convenience sampling method in 2016; they were randomly assigned to single-joint resistance training, multi-joint resistance training, and control groups (N=10). The training protocol was implemented 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. In order to evaluate the serum levels of fibrinogen, PT (Prothrombin Time), and PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time), 6cc blood sample was collected from participants before training and after the last training session. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20, using factor analysis of variance (2×3), Bonferroni's post hoc test, and paired t-test.
Findings: Regardless of the type of protocol, a resistance training period reduced fibrinogen (p=0.0001) and increased prothrombin time (p=0.047), but it did not significantly change partial thromboplastin time (p=0.111).
Conclusion: Resistance training reduces the fibrinogen amount and increases PT in active young men, but it does not change PTT.
Yeganeh Feizi, Mohammad Esmaeil Afzalpur, Seyed-Hosein Abtahi-Eivary,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract
Aims Physical activity is usually accompanied by free radicals’ production and oxidative stress. Moreover, to prevent adverse effects, coaches and athletes have to use proper supplementation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term coenzyme Q10 supplementation on malondialdehyde and serum catalase enzyme activity following moderate and severe acute resistance training in inactive female students.
Methods & Materials In total, 27 female students were randomly divided into three groups; the groups were homogeneous and equal (two groups of resistance training and one control group). The experimental groups were subjected to moderate-intensity acute (70% 1RM) acute and severe acute activity (85% 1RM) and supplemented with coenzyme Q10 (30 mg /d). CAT and MDA were measured in ELISA using a human kit.
Findings Moderate and severe acute resistance activities did not alter MDA and catalytic activity (P>0.05); however, after 2 weeks of coenzyme Q10 supplementation, those resulted in a significant decrease in MDA (0.006 and 0.01, respectively) and CAT (0.04 and 0.007, respectively). There were no significant differences between the effects of two exercises (P>0.05).
Conclusion Short-term (two weeks) supplementation of coenzyme Q10 and severe acute resistance activity could reduce two important oxidative stress indexes (MDA and CAT).
Fatemeh Ahmadi, Marefat Siahkouhian, Shadmehr Mirdar, Leily Tapak,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Detraining may affect cardiovascular adaptations. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a detraining period followed by resistance training on immunohistochemical expression of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and mitochondrial biogenesis of heart tissue in male rats.
Methods & Materials: The present study was experimental. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (control, control-detraining, resistance training, and resistance-detraining training). The control group was sacrificed at the beginning of the study, and the control-detraining group did not exercise for 11 weeks. The resistance training group performed eight weeks of training. The resistance-detraining group did not train for three weeks after training. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for statistical analysis.
Findings: The expression of KIR6.2, SUR2a, PGC1α, and TFAM in the heart tissue of the control-detraining group was significantly lower than those in the resistance training group (P=0.001). Also, they were significantly higher in the resistance training group compared to those in the resistance-detraining group (P=0.001). PGC1α expression in the resistance-detraining group was higher than in the control-detraining group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Resistance training increases PGC1α and TFAM in the heart tissue of rats by increasing the expression of KIR6.2 and SUR2a. But lack of exercise reduces the expression of potassium channels and factors that increase mitochondrial biogenesis.
Farida Sadeghi Fazel, Amir Rashid Lamir, Rambod Khajeie, Akbar Safipour Afshar,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (6-2022)
Abstract
Aims Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in modern societies. The disease is associated with the lack of physical activity and the expression of some genes involved in blood cholesterol transportation. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters G5/G8) ABCG5 and ABCG8) is the expression of adenosine triphosphate-dependent box protein genes 5 and 8, a member of the ABC transporter family, playing a crucial role in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoproteins metabolism. The action of ABCG5/8 is to remove cholesterol and decrease its toxicity. The increased activity of these two factors may prevent atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training on ABCG5 and ABCG8 gene expression in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients.
Methods & Materials The research population included 30 men voluntarily selected and randomly divided into an experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) group. The experimental group performed aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group had no exercise. The blood samples were taken 48 hours before the beginning of the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session while all subjects were fasting. Semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure the expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes. To analyze the data, independent and paired t tests were used at the significant level of 0.05 in SPSS software, version 21.
Findings The present study results showed that the aerobic resistance training group experienced a significant increase in the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes as a result of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training compared to the control group.
Conclusion Based on the findings of the present study, it is possible to suggest that aerobic resistance training increases the expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes, and improves the cholesterol transportation process, which may improve recovery of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients and prevent cardiovascular diseases.
