---

Background and Aim: children Sexual behavior can cause uncertainty among clinicians due to relationship between sexual abuse and sexual behaviors. Concequently, it is important to understand normal childhood sexual behaviors. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The samples were 57 boys and 57 girls that their mothers referred to health and treatment centers of Gonabad city .To collect the data two questionnaires were used that contained demographic information and a check list about children sexual behaviors. Results: The results showed that the most talks of girls on normal sexual behaviors was about child birth, mothers breast, touch differentiation between girls and boys and Doctor- roleplaying respectively, but in boys it was Doctor-role playing, sex parts touch, child birth and parents lonely sleeping . 23.7% of mothers expressed that they change the topic of the conversation when they encounter with child sexual questions and 8.1% stated that they punish their child in these cases.41.6% of mothers also told that they say “ you will understand as soon as you grow up “ . The others ( 25.9% ) replied that they tell the correct response to the child . Conclusion:The results showed normal sexual behaviors were different and performance of mothers were poor about sexual behavior in children .Then it is necessary to teach and inform the mothers.

---

Background and Aims: Breastfeeding has the main role in the health of mothers and infants, and the instruction of mothers is essential in this context. This project aimed at comparing the effectiveness of instructional environment (Hospital versus Home) and other related factors to breastfeeding of mothers in hospital with home in Gonabad city. Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the research sample included 162 mothers who were admitted to 22 Bahman hospital of Gonabad, they were residents of Gonabad and were divided into two groups randomly. One group was instructed with instructional package of film in hospital and another group was instructed by the same package at home. The data were analyzed through SPSS software version 11.5 applying descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The results of this research showed that the highest percentage of research units constitute mothers who were 30-45 years of age (40.7%), were residents of the city (74.7%), had a personal house (75.9%) and had more than one child (55.6%). After instruction, there were significant statistical differences between the averages of total grades of breastfeeding function of mothers on the basis of location of residence (p<0.001), location of instruction (p=0.04), education (p=0.006) and age (p=0.01) so that breastfeeding function was better in mothers who were residents of the city, were instructed at home, had higher education and were older. Conclusion: The results showed that instructional package of WHO film at home had more effects on breastfeeding function of mothers in comparison to hospital setting. Mothers were more relaxed at home, complications after delivery decreased and the condition of learning was better.

---

Aims: The birth of an infant requiring cares in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is one of the stressful sources in life. The aim of this study was to determine the stressful sources in mothers of infants in NICU. 

Instrument & Methods: In the descriptive study, all mothers of infants hospitalized in NICU of Hajar Hospital in Shahr-e-Kord were studied in 2011. The subjects (n=110) were selected by census method. Data was collected by family information form and Miles and Funk’s parent stress questionnaire.  Data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software using Spearman and Kruskal-Wallis correlation analyses noticing data abnormality.

Findings: There were no significant correlation between educational level, type of child birth, mother’s job, and residence place and mothers’ stressors (p>0.05). There were significant and reverse correlations between environmental stressor and birth weight of infant (p=0.025; r=-0.213), mother’s age (p=0.034; r=-0.203), and income (p=0.002; r=-0.292). There was no significant correlation between relation stressor and any demographic characteristics. There were significant correlations between the status of home resident and environmental (p=0.031), face (p=0.008), and relation (p=0.0001) stressors.

Conclusion: The mothers describe their own experiences of NICU as stressful. In addition, the environmental stressors affect such experiences in the highest level.