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Background and Aim:Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common of the mental disorder that influences all aspects of life.The aim of this study is to Measure The knowledge rate and attitude level of people in Gonabad . Materials and Methods:The samples of this descriptive – analytical study were people who received services from health services centers of Gonabad on 1384 that was selected randomly. This descriptive – analytic study was performed on 252 randomly selected people in Gonabad. Results: The result showed that %50/4 people had weak knowledge toward obsessive compulsive disorder and it showed %75.4 had good attitude toward this disorder.%77 Of the samples had weak knowledge to sign and symptoms of OCD , %84/9 to etiology , %94.8 to treatment had weak knowledge. Conclusion: The x2 was showed that there is not a meaningful relationship between knowledge and attitude with demographic data. But knowledge rate showed a meaningful differences between education degree.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Health is a valuable gift that God has given to human. Health and the relationship between mind and body have been discussed in all of the time from the creation of mankind. The certain personality characteristics including personality type and hardiness are a major factor in relationship between stress and health which person evaluation of stressful situations of life and coping mechanism too, that are much dependent in personality characteristics. Hardiness is a personality characteristic that is mediating and facilitating a stressful life events and psychological problem. The purpose of this research was the study of relationship between personality type/hardiness and health in students who are educating in Gonabad Islamic Azad University in 2004. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlative cross-sectional study was used a three variable, one group design. The relationship between personality type/hardiness and health among 376 students were examined. 376 students were selected by stratified random sampling. Instruments: sample selection form, a demographic questionnaire, Eysenck personality inventory (introversion, psychoticism, neuroticism), Ahvaz hardiness scale (challenge, commitement, control), A36-item short form (sf-36) that was provided by WHO for health assessment have been used to measure the variable. Data was collected by the above instruments during one simester. Results: There was a significant direct correlation between hardiness and health (r=0.672, P<0.001) also a significant indirect correlation between introversion and health (r=-0.153, P=0.003), psychoticism and health (r=-0.631, P<0.001), and Neuroticism and health (r=-0.601, P<0.001). Conclusion: As it was found that hardiness as personality characteristics plays an important role in health, it is suggested that using the educating method will be addressed as the best, improvement strategy for health in students.

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Background and Aim: Not only evaluation of antropometric characteristics use for evaluation of children growth, but also it is sample, cheap, reliable and the strongest instrument for survey growth pattern and nutrition stats in different society. The purpose of this study was prevalence of malnutrition on the base of antropometric characteristics in children who study at grade one primary school and relation between malnutrition and some factors socioeconomic such as: Number of children, education and job parents. This study performed in 2005-2006. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was done on 558 children who study at grade one in Gonabad primary school. They were selected by stratified random sampling. All children were between 6 years and 3 month until 7 years and 3 month old. Children were between 6 years and 3 month until 6 years and 9 month were compared with 6.5 years of NCHS table standard and children were between 6 years and 3 month and one day until 7 years and 3 month were compared with 7 years of NCHS table standard. To evaluation malnutrition status used three criteria: Weight for age (Gom΄s), weight for height (Waterlow) and height for age (Waterlow). Data analysis was done with SPSS soft ware and chi-square test. Results: Prevalence malnutrition was with wasting 38%, with underweight 40.7% and with stunting 14.3%. There was relation between malnutrition with number of children, education and job parents, distance between pregnancy and twinning which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed nutrition status wasn’t satisfactory and some of them have acute and chronic malnutrition. Thus it is necessary to improve nutrition of children by planning free nutrition in school. With attention to effect of some of economic factors in prevalence malnutrition, it is necessary to survey this problem as one of primary planning of our country, in the result complication, expenses treatment malnutrition will be reduced.

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Background and Aim: Inadequacy of dialysis is one of the main reason of mortality of dialysis patient and it is completely effective on forewarning. The aim of this study was to determine the adequacy of dialysis and its relationship with the kind of filter in patient referred to 22-Bahman hospital of Gonabad . Materials and Methods: This crossover study was done on all patients underlying dialysis that enrolled in the study in 22-Bahman Hospital. They were divided into two groups in simple random sampling. Each group involved 15 patients. In one group High flux filters and in another group low flux filters were used. The filters were changed after one month. Dialysis was done 3 times a week and lasted 4 hours .KT/V > 1.2 was considered as dialysis adequacy. Results: The result showed 60% of the patients had dialysis adequacy >1.2. The means of KT/V was 1.34±0.42 in Low flux group. 80% of the patients had dialysis adequacy>1.2 and the means of kt/v was 1.44±0.32 in High flux group. There wasn’t a significant relationship between dialysis adequacy and the kind of filter (p=0.29). The means of Haemoglobin was 11 .49± 2.03 in Low flux group and 12.58±2.01 in High flux group. There was a significant relationship between Haemoglobin and the kind of filter. (p=0.04) Conclusion: In this study dialysis adequacy with High flux filter was desired in comparison with other studies. Although there wasn’t a difference between Low flux and High flux filter in dialysis adequacy, but the means of KT/V in High flux filter was more than Low flux filter and also the most patients that used High flux filter had enough dialysis adequacy (80% against 60%). The means of Haemoglobin in High flux was more than Low flux filter. So it is recommended to use High flux filter if there is any contradiction.

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Background and Aim: Daily increasing usage of psychoactive drugs among youth is one of the significant damages and catastrophic cases of today. Since these substances are new, the people information is not enough about them, and then this study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude levels of Gonabad university students toward psychoactive drugs and its abuse prevalence. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 350 students of Gonabad universities of Payam-e-noor, Azad and medical sciences in 2008. Research tool was a questionnaire including some questions on student’s knowledge, attitude and usage of psychoactive drugs. The collected data analyzed by SPSS 11.5 by statistical tests such as chi-square, Fisher exact test and Student t- test (p<0.05). Results: The knowledge of 21.7% of the students was weak, 77.1% average, just 1.1% was well and the attitude of 15.4% was weak, 63.1% average, and 21.4% was well. The prevalence of drug abuse was 6% that had a meaningful relationship with attitude and sex, dwelling location, income, father job and other substance abuse. Conclusion: In general, the student knowledge and attitude toward psychoactive drugs is not well. Incorrect attitude well-being life, live in rent houses without enough control over it, are from effective factors for tendency to these substance abuse. It seems that basic programs design is necessary to improve knowledge and attitude of students, parents and educational institutions more control over their children and students

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Background and Aims: Breastfeeding has the main role in the health of mothers and infants, and the instruction of mothers is essential in this context. This project aimed at comparing the effectiveness of instructional environment (Hospital versus Home) and other related factors to breastfeeding of mothers in hospital with home in Gonabad city. Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the research sample included 162 mothers who were admitted to 22 Bahman hospital of Gonabad, they were residents of Gonabad and were divided into two groups randomly. One group was instructed with instructional package of film in hospital and another group was instructed by the same package at home. The data were analyzed through SPSS software version 11.5 applying descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The results of this research showed that the highest percentage of research units constitute mothers who were 30-45 years of age (40.7%), were residents of the city (74.7%), had a personal house (75.9%) and had more than one child (55.6%). After instruction, there were significant statistical differences between the averages of total grades of breastfeeding function of mothers on the basis of location of residence (p<0.001), location of instruction (p=0.04), education (p=0.006) and age (p=0.01) so that breastfeeding function was better in mothers who were residents of the city, were instructed at home, had higher education and were older. Conclusion: The results showed that instructional package of WHO film at home had more effects on breastfeeding function of mothers in comparison to hospital setting. Mothers were more relaxed at home, complications after delivery decreased and the condition of learning was better.

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Background and Aim: However Hand washing is one of the most important factors in prevention of nosocomial infections, researches finding show that hand washing compliance in health care workers was not satisfying. The concept of compliance is effective hand hygiene in any opportunities for that.Other countries researches indicate that hand rubbing with alcohol-based solution adherence hand hygiene complioanc, regarding nurse's believes and cultural differences, this study was carried out in order to compare compliance hand hygiene with alcohol-based solution and plain soap. Material and Methods: This quasi experimental study was performed on 97 nursing personnels of Gonabad hospitals. Participants were assigned in two groups randomly. Two groups were matched, concering affecting factors. The hand hygiene behaviour was observed for 15 days. Data collected and analyzed by SPSS version 14. P-Value level less than .05 were considered. Results: Results showed that hand hygiene compliance in case and control groups in respect were %62 and %59. Although compliance with alcohol-based solution was better than soap, independent t test didn't show significant differences between two groups (p=0.625). Conclusion: however alcohol- base hand rub is resonable, time saving, easily usage and with less skin complication, perhaps the reasons of less than enough compliance are religious believes and feeling that hands arenot clean without rinsing them. Teaching the important of hand hygiene, advantages of using alcoholic solution and encouraging personnels who do hand hygiene can improve hand hygiene compliance

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  Abstract

  Background and Aim: Health providers and patient's knowledge and awareness of patient's rights bill require respect. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the awarness of patients and health providers about patient bill of rights and its observance rate in one of the hospital s in Gonabad.

  Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study used a questionnaire to assess awareness and observance rate of patient's rights bill in 2010. The awareness was ranked in three categories (good, moderate and weak) and respecting patient's rights Bill in three floors (ideal, average and poor) . Sampling for patients was based on the objectives and for health providers was random classification. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software version 14 descriptive using statistics, Chi-square, T-independent, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient at %5.

  Results: The results showed that 189 patients ( 60.8%) were females , 122 patients ( 39.2%) were males and 20 health providers ( 60.6%) were females and 13 ( 39.4%) were males. Health providers and patient awareness of patient 's rights bill was sufficient & patient's bill of rights in the study population is observed 69.1% of cases. There was a significant relationship between awareness and observance rates of patient's rights bill so that as patient awareness increased , observance patient's rights bill increased, too (p=0.007). The results also showed that despite optimal health provider's awareness of patient's rights bill , observance rates aren't satisfactory in comparison with other studies.

  Conclusion : Patients and staff awareness in the medical group level is good, but the observing rate isn't satisfactory . This study recommends that the managers of hospital develop a practical strategy to provide written information for patients about the rights when they are admitted. In order to preserve the patients' sanctity, students and health providers should be taught to get permission from patients before attending the bedside.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Musculo-skeletal disorder is an occupational disease. It occurs due to the inappropriate conditions in the workplaces. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain and some related factors in nurses employed in Gonabad hospitals. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional research. It was carried out on 93 nurses who were working in Gonabad hospitals in 2010. The data were collected by a self-made questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS V.14 using descriptive statistics, Chi–square and t–student. Results: 61.3% (57 persons) of the patients were women and 38.7% (36 persons) men. 20% of them had another part time job in addition to nursing. 76.3% of cases had some knowledge about proper care of vertebral column although 12.9% used these cares. 50.5% of cases were also suffering from at least one type of low back pain. Lower vertebral column pain was the most common type of low back pain. There was a significant statistical relationship between pain and years of work (p=0.01).There was a significant statistical relationship between pain and age (p=0.001), pain and sex (p=0.02), pain and BMI (p=0.05), as well. Nurses with back pain had greater knowledge than those without the pain. Conclusion: High prevalence of vertebral column pain suggests the necessity for proper planning to reduce pain in the vertebral column. Regarding the effect of BMI on vertebral column pain, planning for weight reduction is necessary.

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Age of natural menopause and compare The incidence of its complications in menopause transition stages in women from Gonabad city Background and Objective: Menopause is a sign of the end of the reproductive capacity of women that It is caused by the permanent cessation of ovarian function and it Is a gradual process that Occurs for many women between the ages of 47 and 55 years, It has numerous side effects. This study was conducted to determine the age of natural menopause and compare The incidence of its complications in menopause transition stages in women from Gonabad city. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 1389 on the 398 women aged 40-55 from Gonabad city, Sampling was a stratified random. Inclusion criteria included: willingness to participate in the study - aged between 40-55 years - residing in Gonabad city, lack of physical illness, mental therapy, surgical removal of ovaries and uterus and no history of artificial menopause .The research instrument was a standard questionnaire(Greene Climacteric Scale). Data were analyzed by using spss software version 14 and Descriptive statistics, chi-square, t-student, ANOVA and Pearson Test. The level of statistical significance was p<0.05. Results: The results showed that 61.3% subjects were married, 3% unmarried, 2% divorced, 31.9% widows. The mean of weight was 61.94 ± 10.15, height 158.31 ± 5.6 cm, and BMI 24.65 ± 3.77. 30.2% were living in urban and 69.8% in rural areas. 95.2% were housewives, 1.8 workers, 2.3% employee, 0.3% retired and 0.5% domestic jobs. The mean of age 47.43 ± 4.37 years, Menarche age 13.56 ± 1.56 years and age of last menstrual period 45.93 ± 3.66 years. 10.3% subjects had a last menstrual Age less than 40 years and 89.7% more than 40 years. In the present study, the mean and median age of menopause was achieved 69/3 ± 34/46 و 4765.2% menopause women had at least one of the early complications of menopause. Nervousness was the most common complications of menopause (56%) and dizziness was lowest complication (20.4%). In pre-menopausal group, nervousness and headache, in Peri menopausal group joint pain and hot flashes, and in post menopausal group hot flashes and joint pain, respectively, as the most common side effects were reported. Conclusion: Age of menopause in this study is lower than other studies and early complications of menopause were high. With proper planning in order to correct the modifiable factors can increase the Age of natural menopause and reduce complications caused from it.

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Background and Aim: Enuresis in children is a common disorder associated with various factors. In addition to the awareness regarding the frequency of this phenomenon, identifying the most common and important related factors is essential for planning and preventive interventions. Therefore, this study was performed on school children in Gonabad. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was performed among school children in Gonabad. The subjects included 250 boys and girls who were selected randomly based on multi-stage sampling. The data were collected from families by using a questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software version 14 using appropriate descriptive and inferential tests such as T-student and Chi-square. Statistical results were considered significant if lower than 0.05 level of significance. Results: 39.6 percent of the participants were boys and 60.4 percent were girls all in different stages of elementary schools. Frequency of enuresis in children was 8.6 percent and there was a significant difference among boys and girls (p = 000). gender, family history, drinking too much liquid before sleeping, crying in bed, nail biting were the most important factors and associated symptoms in our study. Also, statistical tests showed a significant difference between enuresis and all these factors. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of enuresis is significant. Psychological, cultural, social and nutritional factors related to enuresis make it necessary to provide consulting services and health care information to the families.

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Aims: Salivary Immunoglobulin A is the most important part of immune system in upper respiratory tract. The findings of the studies regarding hormonal and immune changes, especially mucosal immune system, are highly contradictory and different. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of intense exercise in the morning and evening on the concentration of salivary cortisol and Immunoglobulin A, in young swimmers.

Methods: This study is a quasi- experimental design conducting in 2010-11 academic years. The population of the study included 120 young boy swimmers, studying in a guidance school in Gonabad city, of which 20 were selected using random convenient sampling method. The subjects performed the selected exercise in two times, one on 11 in the morning and the other after 16 days. Saliva samples were taken before and immediately after the intensive exercise. The data were analyzed using SPSS 14 software by paired T-test.

 Results: A significant decrease of Immunoglobulin A was observed in the morning exercise. Likewise, a significant decrease in cortisol was seen in the evening exercise. The amount of swimmers’ salivary Immunoglobulin A and cortisol had a significant decrease after the exercise compared with before it (p=0.0001). Moreover, their amount in the evening turn had a significant decrease compared to the morning turn (p=0.0001).

Conclusion: intense exercise decreases the salivary Immunoglobulin A and cortisol levels in the morning and evening that may affect the incident of respiratory tract infections.

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Abstract Aims: Diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries after respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous consumption of rice soup and Oral Rehydration Salt on weight gain and blood factors in 8-24 months old children with acute diarrhea. Materials & Methods: This study is a controlled clinical trial which was done on 40 children 8 to 24 months old with acute diarrhea hospitalized in the pediatric ward in 22th Bahman hospital, Gonabad in 2013 who were selected using simple sampling method. Subjects were assigned into control and intervention groups using random allocation. The weight gain rate and blood factors including creatinine, urea, hemoglobin, hematocrit, bicarbonate and pH were studied and compared before and after intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS 14.5 software using Chi-square, independent T and Mann-Whitney tests. Findings: There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of blood factors such as creatinine, urea, hematocrit, pH and bicarbonate before and after intervention. Also the reduction in hemoglobin was not significant between two groups, but the reduction in urea and creatinine in intervention group was more than control group. The mean of weight gain in the first and second 24hours had significant difference between two groups and it was higher in intervention group rather than control group. Conclusion: Rice soup consumption is caused more weight gain in treatment of children with acute diarrhea. The rice soup has no effect on blood factors except urea and creatinine in children with acute diarrhea as well.

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Aims: Blood sugar control methods improvement in diabetic patients has led to its chronic complications reduction recently. The present study aimed to compare the severity of pain and patient satisfaction of blood sampling from the legs and fingers, since continuous lancet to the finger is painful. Materials & Methods: This analytical comparative study was done on 260 diabetic patients in the internal wards of two hospitals in 2013-14. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data, demographic questionnaire and satisfaction measurement researcher-made questionnaire were used and the satisfaction rate of blood sampling from finger and leg was measured. Data were entered into SPSS 14.5 software and were analyzed by Chi-square, paired T, Spearman correlation and Mann-Whitney tests. Findings: Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in blood sampling from the leg than the finger (p<0.001 χ2=18.61). The pain perception of sampling from the leg (7.46±1.31) was significantly lower than sampling from the finger (8.15±0.83) (p<0.001 t=8.16). Conclusion: The leg causes less pain perception and more patient satisfaction in type II diabetes patients as one of the sites of the blood glucose self-monitoring.

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  Aims: Urine retention following surgery can lead to performance and basic disorders in gall bladder. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of feet reflexology on urinary retention relieving after surgery.

  Materials & Methods: This clinical trial was done in 2014 on 70 patients with urinary retention following surgery that was not able to urinate despite routine nursing measures. The patients were divided into two interventional and control groups based on random allocation (permutation blocking method). Reflexology was performed for intervention group for 30min (15min for each foot) and general reflexology was carried out for control group for the same duration. Data collected using a researcher-made checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using descriptive statistics, independent-T, Man-Whitney, and Chi-square tests.

  Findings: There was a significant difference between intervention and control groups regarding urinary retention after surgery (p=0.04) and retention time (p<0.001). However, a significant difference was not found between two groups in volume of excreted urine (p=0.2).

  Conclusion: Feet reflexology has positive effect on urinary retention after surgery.

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Aims: Endotracheal intubation can increase sympathetic reflex activity result in blood pressure increase, arrhythmia and tachycardia. This study aimed to compare the effects of Clonidine premedication and Fentanyl on hemodynamic factors (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) in opium-dependent patients under endotracheal intubation. Materials & Methods: This single-blind clinical trial was done on 60 opium-dependent patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in 2013 at operating room of 15 Khordad hospital. The samples were divided randomly into two equal groups receiving Clonidine and Fentanyl. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were compared before, immediately and 5min after intubation. Data were analyzed using Independent-T, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient tests by SPSS 16 Software. Findings: The mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure before endotracheal intubation in both groups was not statistically different (p>0.05) but the mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, immediately after intubation in both groups was maximum and showed significant difference statistically (p<0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in Clonidine group, 5min after intubation significantly decreased compared with prior to intubation and showed significant difference to the Fentanyl group statistically (p<0.001). Conclusion: Using Fentanyl as a premedication before laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is less effective than Clonidine to control of hemodynamic parameters in opium-dependent patients.

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Aims: Endotracheal intubation is an invasive technique which is associated with severe cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to compare the effects of lidocaine 10% spray on the laryngoscope blade with intravenous lidocaine on cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in elective surgical patients. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial that is performed in 2013, 90 candidates of elective surgery in Gonobad City, Iran hospitals were randomly divided to three groups control (no drugs were used), intravenous lidocaine (three minutes before laryngoscopy) and lidocaine 10% (just before laryngoscopy). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded immediately before, immediately after, and 1, 3 and 5min after laryngoscopy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 by repeated ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Findings: There were significant differences in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure between control group and each intravenous lidocaine and lidocaine 10% groups after laryngoscopy (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in any of the three variables between intravenous and spray groups. No significant difference was found between the three groups in heart rate (p=0.16). Conclusion: Compared with intravenous lidocaine administration, lidocaine 10% spray on the laryngoscope blade lead to better stability in blood pressure after laryngoscopy, but has no effect on the heart rate.

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Abstract Aims: Dialysis patients have experienced some degree of pain, especially foot pain. Some complementary interventions such as muscle relaxation are effective in relieving pain. This study was performed with the aim of assessing the effect of muscle relaxation on hemodialysis patients’ pain. Materials & Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 hemodialysis patients of Khatamolanbia and Imam Ali hemodialysis centers of Zahedan during 2013 and 2014. The patients were chosen by purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Pain intensity was measured by McGill questionnaire before intervention. Then, Benson muscle relaxation was taught to patients’ of case group and was performed by them for 15-20 minutes twice a day for a month. The control group received no training. The pain intensity of two groups was compared after one month. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent T and Mann-Whitney tests by SPSS 21 software. Findings: Most of the patients were men, married, housekeeper with under diploma education and the mean age of them was 43.0±15.0 years. There was a significant decrease in pain intensity in the intervention group compared to the control (p=0.03). Conclusion: The muscle relaxation technique can be employed to reduce pain in hemodialysis patients.

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Aims: Anxiety is a common phenomenon in cardiovascular diseases and its control is very important. This study aimed to investigate the effect of guided imagery on anxiety in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome in the cardiac intensive care unit. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial in 2014, 50 patients with acute coronary syndrome in the cardiac intensive care unit of 22 Bahman Hospital in Gonabad City, Iran, were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups. At first, all the samples completed the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale of anxiety. In addition to usual care, experimental group listened to the CD of guided imagery 2 times a day, morning and night for 16 minutes and the control group received only routine care. At the end, the mentioned questionnaires were filled again and the data were analyzed in SPSS 14.5 software by independent T-test, Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Findings: The mean of pretest and posttest scores of total anxiety and hidden anxiety in the experimental group decreased significantly compare with the control group (p<0.05), but mean score decreasing of the pretest and posttest of clear anxiety in the experimental group was not significant compare with the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Guided imagery can reduce the total anxiety and hidden anxiety of heart patients with acute coronary syndrome hospitalized in cardiac intensive care unit. Keywords Imagery (Psychotherapy) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68019018] Anxiety [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68001007] Acute Coronary Syndrome [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68054058]

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Aims: Long term prognosis of hemodialysis patients are influenced by adequacy treatment. Thus, it is important to study the factors that improve the adequacy dialysis. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of isometric and isotonic movements during hemodialysis on dialysis adequacy.

Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial in 2014, 50 patients in the two dialysis centers of Gonabad City and Qaen City, Iran, were selected by simple random sampling method and considering the inclusion criteria. The samples were randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group patients performed isometric and isotonic movement according to tutorial film for 60 minutes in the first 2 hours of hemodialysis. These sport movement were repeated 3 times a week during hemodialysis session for 6 weeks. Dialysis adequacy was calculated before and after intervention in 2 groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 14.5 software using independent T, Chi-square, Pearson- and Spearman correlation coefficients tests.

Findings: After the intervention, there was a significant difference between two groups in adequacy of dialysis (p=0.01), in a way that before intervention, 80% of patients in experimental group had dialysis adequacy less than 1.2 which was reduced to 40% after intervention. However, the number of patients with less than 1.2 adequacy of dialysis in control group was increased from 72 to 76%. 

Conclusion: Performing isometric and isotonic movements during hemodialysis improves the adequacy of dialysis in hemodialysis patients.