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Background and Aim: The fresh milk and its products are the cause of some nutritional diseases due to their perfection and the ease of being infected. This study was carried out to examine the quality of traditional ice cream being consumed. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 100 samples of traditional ice cream were randomly selected from different area of Mashhad city and test for bacterial contamination. The data were analyzed according to season and area. Results: The result shows, that %91 of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (5×105 cpu/gr).84% of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (>102 cpu/gr) with Entrobacteriacea. 67% the samples contained more than 102/gr of staphylococcus aurous. Escheria coli were isolated from 11% of the samples. No salmonella was isolated from samples. Conclusion: A high percentage of the traditional ice cream was not accordance with the current standards regarding the hygienic quality. It seems that pasteurizing the primary mixture of ice cream through sufficient temperature in order to control the primary infection helps to increase the quality of this product.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases diagnosed in patients. Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been documented to be the most important pathogen associated with symptomatic tract infections. The aim of this study was to determine the local prevalence of bacterial and strains antimicrobial resistance of E.coli isolated from patients with UTI by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance. Material and Methods: In order to isolate and identify bacterial agents causing UTI and to indentify it’s sex and age distribiution, in a cross- sectional study, a total of 2101 midstream urine samples “through simple random sampling method” were analyzed for isolation and identification of bacterial isolates as per standard methods. Susceptibility tests were performed with disc diffusion tests using the Kirby-Bauer method on E.coli isolated from 233 cases with UTI aged from 3.5 month through 90 years with an average of 16.52±21.22 years. All data were analyzed with SPSS for windows. Results: Out of which 353 samples were found to be significant bacteriuria (105 Cfu/mL) and remaining 1748 samples were either non-significant bacteriuria or very low bacterial count or sterile urine. In the present study, out of 353 isolated uropathogens the most common isolate was E.coli (66%) followed by staphylococcus sp (21.8%) klebsiella pneumoniae (7.93%), proteus vulgaris (3.4%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.84%). The UTIs were found to most frequently in female (78.5%) than male (21.5%) (P=0.000). The isolated E.coli showed resistant to amoxycilin (100%), ampicillin (99.1%) and sensitive to ciprofloxacin (85%) and ceftizoxime (60.1%). Conclusion: This study suggests that in emergency cases before the result of antibiogrom test is determined, the best choices to begin empiric treatment are cipro floxacin and ceftizoxime. amoxicillin and ampicillin are quite ineffective to treat these infections.

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Background and Aim: Ice cream, a milk based product is a good media for microbial growth due to high nutrition value, almost neutral PH value and long storage duration. Contamination of this product with pathogen micro-organism can lead to food poisoning and food born infection and can endanger the sanitation of human. The aim of this research was to assess microbial status of traditional Ice creams. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 100 samples of traditional Ice cream were obtained randomly from the retail stores in summer. All the samples were analyzed for microbial contamination according to the Iran national standard .The collected data were analyzed statistically using t-test by SPSS for windows. Results: The results show that 26% of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (>5×104 /gr) ,75% of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (>10 /gr) with entrobacteriacea. staphylococcus aurous and Escheria coli were isolated from 4% and 32% of samples respectively .No salmonella was isolated from samples. Conclusion: To prevent out break of poisoning and microbial infections due to consumption of Ice cream as well as supervision and control during the production are essential.

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Background and Aim: Coronary artery diseases are the major causes of death around the world and dyslipidemia is one of the most susceptive factors. It is very important to control the dyslipidemia to prevent the cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Gonabad city. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 606 persons (401 women and 205 men) with 41.39±12.56 mean years were selected based on random cluster sampling method, and serum lipids including triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were determined in fasting condition. The data were analyzed through statistic tests, that is, chi-square and t-test using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the most prevalence of dyslipidemia was high LDL-C and total cholesterol levels that were showed in 49.6 and 45.6 percent of men and women, respectively. The lowest prevalence of dyslipidemia was low Levels of HDL-C that were showed in 17.5 and 11.6 percent of men and women, respectively. The prevalence of all lipid abnormalities in expect of high levels LDL-C that were higher in men than women, and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in men than women. There was a significant relation between age and mean lipid values. The results showed increasing means of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C with aging until 50-59, but beyond that age a decrease was showed. The prevalence of lipid abnormalities in expect of HDL-C was significantly more in the individuals above 40 years old than the younger ones. Conclusion: With regard to the fact that the prevalence of lipid abnormalities is almost high in the present study, it seems that more educational recommendations, modification of dietary habits, lifestyles, and also progress of physical activities are necessary for the prevention of ischemic heart disease risks.

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Aims: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections and coagulase negative staphylococci are a common cause of this disease based on some reports. Due to increasing the resistance resulting from antibiotics consumption, this study was performed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from urinary tract infections in Gonabad, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 264 coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from patients who were referred to Jahad Daneshgahi Laboratory due to urinary tract infection in Gonabad city. Identification of bacterial strain was performed by classical identification methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on Mueller-Hinton agar (merck-Germany) using disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer›s) technique. Results: Out of 264 isolates, the most frequent species of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates were Staphylococci epidermidis (84%) followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (14%). Based on antibiotic resistance pattern,››Penicillin›› (56.43%) showed the highest resistance followed by "erythromycin" (46.21%), and "nitrofurantion" (42.42%) in order. However, CNS showed the highest susceptibility to "ciprofloxacin" (82.57%), "vancomycin" (78.03%) and "Amikacin" (74.24%). Conclusion: The findings showed that the use of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin, as the first choice in empirical treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in the region, should be reconsidered.