Aims: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease, which lowers the life expectancy of its sufferers due to some problems. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent feature in type 2 diabetes. MOTS-C is a mitochondrial-derived peptide with sports-mimicking activity that has beneficial effects on metabolism and exercise capacity. The purpose of this article is to review the performance of MOTS-c peptide and the mechanism of action of exercise training on the improvement of type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This review study, by searching in the articles available in the databases, Scapus, Google scholar, Pubmed and Farsi including, Magira and with the keywords MOTS-c, type 2 diabetes, sports training related to the years 1991 to 2022 was done. The search was limited to articles in English and Farsi whose full text was available. In general, among the 52 articles obtained, 41 articles whose full text was available were examined. Findings: and conclusions: Exercise training increases the MOTS-c level and MOTS-C activates AMPK in skeletal muscles and improves the energy metabolism. Conclusion:Exercise training improves insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of concomitant diseases.
