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Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HFH) is a rare lipoprotein Disorder. Transmission is autosomal codominant. The prevalence of (HFH) is estimated at approximately 1:1000,000. Aortic root and valve leaflets become atherosclerotic and thick due to cholesterol deposition and then aortic insufficiency and stenosis appears which sometimes may be severe. We report a10 year-old boy with multiple Cutaneous and tendinous xanthomata, exertional angina from age 8 and severe atherosclerotic involvement of aortic valve and aortic root who was referred from one of villages of Birjand. Considering that 70% of the reported cases with aortic involvement have relatively mild aortic stenosis, our case is one of less frequent ones . His plasma total cholesterol was 766, LDL cholesterol was 658 mg/dl, Triglyceride 150 and HDL was 46 mg/dl. Diagnosis was confirmed by typical skin and tendon lesions, including typial yellowish orange skin xanthomas, achili xanthomas, corneal arcus and the typical type IIa Fredrickson dyslipoproteinemia, and echocardiographic changes of aortic valve and root. Considering very few reports in this regard in our country, and a relatively high prevalence of the disorder in nearby countries, such case reports may improve our knowledge and also help to find and treat many families of such patients with heterozygous FH who have not got pathognomonic skin or tendon lesions.

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Background and Aim: Hyperlipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, is one of the major risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Egg yolk is one of the richest sources of dietary cholesterol in human nutrition. Because egg yolk has relative high cholesterol, we wish to investigate the effect of consuming regular eggs on serum lipid profile. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental trail, twenty six healthy normolipidemic volunteers (8 men and 18 women) were recruited for the study and two well-cooked moderately sized eggs were added to their breakfast in addition to their regular diet for 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples, the dietary intakes, serum lipids, and anthropometric measurements were compared before and after starting new diet applying paired t-test using SPSS software (ver.13) for windows. Results: The 4-week egg consumption (2 per day) significantly increased the average level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride from 129.76, 72.19 and 99.63 mg/dl before having egg to 160.69, 98.03 and 105.34 mg/dl, respectively, after using eggs (p=0.0001). While HDL-C decreased significantly from 54.84 mg/dl to 50.73 mg/dl (p=0.008), cholesterol intake significantly increased from 251.2 mg/day to 534.1 mg/day (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Because egg yolk has relatively high cholesterol concentrations, limited egg consumption is often recommended to reduce serum cholesterol concentrations and to help prevent coronary heart diseases (CHD).

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Background and Aim: Coronary artery diseases are the major causes of death around the world and dyslipidemia is one of the most susceptive factors. It is very important to control the dyslipidemia to prevent the cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Gonabad city. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 606 persons (401 women and 205 men) with 41.39±12.56 mean years were selected based on random cluster sampling method, and serum lipids including triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were determined in fasting condition. The data were analyzed through statistic tests, that is, chi-square and t-test using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the most prevalence of dyslipidemia was high LDL-C and total cholesterol levels that were showed in 49.6 and 45.6 percent of men and women, respectively. The lowest prevalence of dyslipidemia was low Levels of HDL-C that were showed in 17.5 and 11.6 percent of men and women, respectively. The prevalence of all lipid abnormalities in expect of high levels LDL-C that were higher in men than women, and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in men than women. There was a significant relation between age and mean lipid values. The results showed increasing means of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C with aging until 50-59, but beyond that age a decrease was showed. The prevalence of lipid abnormalities in expect of HDL-C was significantly more in the individuals above 40 years old than the younger ones. Conclusion: With regard to the fact that the prevalence of lipid abnormalities is almost high in the present study, it seems that more educational recommendations, modification of dietary habits, lifestyles, and also progress of physical activities are necessary for the prevention of ischemic heart disease risks.

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Aims: Obesity is one of the most common problems in societies which can induce many diseases. Some methods have been suggested and are used for the treatment of obesity which herbal therapy is one of them. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Fitana herbal compound as an anti-obesity product on weight and blood lipid profile in male Wistar rats.

Methods: In this study 40 male Wistar rats with the average weight of 280-300g were used. The rats were divided into 5 groups as experimental I (200mg/kg of aqueous extract of Fitana), and experimental II (400mg/kg of aqueous extract of Fitana), experimental III (200mg/kg of alcoholic extract of Fitana), control I (negative control) and control II (5mg/kg of Orlistat). Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 using Tukey and ANOVA tests.

Results: There was no significant difference in the mean of weight and BMI among experimental groups. Triglyceride level was only decreased significantly in experimental group II (62.62±9.94 p=0.0014) and III (62.12±12.02 p=0.011) in comparison with negative control group (84.37±13.51mg/dl).

Conclusion: Oral consumption of Fitana herbal compound can reduce triglyceride level in blood.

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Aims: One of the risk factors for heart diseases is hyperlipidemia. Research has shown that the flavonoid and antioxidant are effective in removing hyperlipidemia. Methods: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of alcoholic extract of zataria multiflora with atorvastatin on blood lipid profile. 56 Wistar male rats were divided into 7 groups each of which included 8 animals which were treated for 4 weeks with 7 dieting systems. The groups were: Group 1 (Control I): Normal diet and unlimited water and food Group 2: Daily normal food + 3g/kg corn oil as a means for cholesterol Group 3 (Control II, hypercholestrolemia): Usual daily food + 2g/kg cholesterol dissolved in 3g/kg corn oil Group 4: Treated like group 3 but with increased 10 mg/kg Atorvastatin as an anti-fat Groups 5, 6, and 7: Treated like group 3 but received 100, 200 & 300 mg/kg Z.M. extract, respectively. After 4 weeks, and at the end of the experiment, following 14 hours of starvation, the rats got anesthesia with chloroform and the blood sample was taken from the heart. The blood was collected in test tubes and transferred to the laboratory. After determining the factors of TG, TC, LDL, VLDL & HDL, the data were analyzed with SPSS software employing ANOVA (F-test). Results: It seems that corn oil and cholesterol increased the blood fat factors significantly. As was expected, Group 4 showed a reduction in these factors Groups 5, 6 & 7, which received Z.M. extract, decreased the blood fat factors significantly, except that HDL increased significantly. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the extract of Zataria multiflora has anti hyperlipidemia effects and can be used as a herbal medicine in controlling the blood cholesterol.

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Aims: Considering the multidimensional activity of herbal medicines and the usefulness of this drugs to treat complex disorders such as diabetes, this study was done to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Otostegia persica’s root on blood lipids and lipoproteins levels in hyperlipidemic diabetic type I rats. Methods: This experimental study was done on 48 male Wistar rats. All ethical issues related to the keeping and work with laboratory animals was observed. 40 rats with a single dosage of 90mg per each kilogram of body weight were induced type I diabetes by intraperitoneally injection of Alloxan. Rats were divided into 6 normal, control, metformin, 200mg, 300mg and 400mg/kg of Otostegia persica’s root aqueous extract groups each with 8 rats and they were gavaged once a day during a month. Levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were measured in each group. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used to compare means of the groups. Results: The mean of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C level in all three groups of Otostegia persica’s root aqueous extract compared to normal, control and metformin showed a significant decrease (p<0.001). Conclusion: Using aqueous Otostegia persica’s root extract in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats decreases serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C level.

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Aims: Increase of harmful blood lipid levels such as low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and reduction in the amount of beneficial lipids such as high density lipoprotein is one the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an exhausting session of intense exercise on blood lipid profiles in active and inactive individuals. Materials & Methods: The present semi-experimental study was done on physical education and non-physical male students of Tehran Shahid Raja’ei Teacher Training University and 20 persons were selected by purposive sampling and based on medical information. The subjects were divided into active and inactive male students. Physical activity questionnaire consisted of 16 questions to assess the level of physical activity and exercise test as Cunningham & Faulkner was intense and exhausting. Physical activity questionnaire consisted of 16 questions was used to assess the level of physical activity and Cunningham & Faulkner test was used as intense exercise and exhausting. All blood samples collected from finger capillary in the sitting position. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using independent T, correlated T, covariance analysis and repeated measures variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests. Findings: A significant difference was observed in weight (p=0.031), and BMI (p=0.05), BF (p=0.28) and VF (p=0.01) between active and inactive persons. There was a significant correlation between anthropometric indices and all blood lipid indices (p<0.05), which was inversely correlated regarding HDL-C. Conclusion: A single-session severe exhausting exercise can increase the LDL-C, TG, TC and LDL-C/HDL-C, while it has no effect on HDL-C level.

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Aims: As a metabolic disorder, the diabetes increases the oxidative stress, while it reduces the anti-oxidant defense system. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the methanol extract of Silybum marianum on the glucose level, the oxidative indices, and the biochemical factors in the diabetic rats. 

Materials & Methods: In the experimental study, 24 male and white Wistar rats were studied. The rats were randomly divided into four 6-rat groups including healthy control (negative control), diabetic control without any extract treatment (positive control), and two diabetic groups treating by 150 and 100mg/kg methanol extract respectively. The diabetes was induced by 60mg/kg one-dose streptozotocin as intra-peritoneal injection. The diabetes symptoms having been observed, 4-week and daily extract treatment was done as intra-peritoneal injection. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the repeated measurement tests.  

Findings: The treatment, done by the methanol extract of the seeds of Silybum marianum, reduced weight, the blood glucose level, cholesterol, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl, while it increased HDL and the activity level of paraoxonase enzyme, in the treatment groups compared to diabetic control group. In addition, the most effective extract concentration, reducing cholesterol, glucose, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde and increasing the activity level of paraoxonase enzyme, was 150mg/kg. And the most effective concentration, increasing HDL and weight, was 100mg/kg (p<0.05). 

Conclusion: The injection of methanol extract of the seeds of Silybum marianum positively changes the oxidative indices, as well as the biochemical factors, in the diabetic rats.